We report on a highly sensitive approach to measure and quantify the time dependent changes of the flow generated by the flagella bundle rotation of single bacterial cells. This is achieved by observing the interactions between a silica particle and a bacterium, which are both trapped next to each other in a dual beam optical tweezer. In this configuration, the particle serves as a sensitive detector where the fast-Fourier analysis of the particle trajectory renders, it possible to access information about changes of bacterial activity.
REFERENCES
1.
J. P.
Armitage
, Adv. Microb. Physiol.
41
, 229
(1999
).2.
K. M.
Ottemann
and J. F.
Miller
, Mol. Microbiol.
24
, 1109
(1997
).3.
L. A.
Pratt
and R.
Kolter
, Mol. Microbiol.
30
, 285
(1998
).4.
J. P.
Armitage
, Arch. Microbiol.
168
, 249
(1997
).5.
L.
Wang
, C.
Zhang
, F.
Gong
, H.
Li
, X.
Xie
, C.
Xia
, J.
Chen
, Y.
Song
, A.
Shen
, and J.
Song
, Curr. Microbiol.
63
, 377
(2011
).6.
H. C.
Berg
, Nature
254
, 389
(1975
).7.
H. C.
Berg
and R. A.
Anderson
, Nature
245
, 380
(1973
).8.
H. C.
Berg
, Annu. Rev. Biochem.
72
, 19
(2003
).9.
M. D.
Manson
, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
107
, 11151
(2010
).10.
R. M.
Macnab
, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
74
, 221
(1977
).11.
J. I.
Shioi
, S.
Matsuura
, and Y.
Imae
, J. Bacteriol.
144
, 891
(1980
).12.
L.
Turner
, W. S.
Ryu
, and H. C.
Berg
, J. Bacteriol.
182
, 2793
(2000
).13.
14.
A.
Ashkin
and J. M.
Dziedzic
, Science
235
, 1517
(1987
).15.
S.
Block
, D. F.
Blair
, and H. C.
Berg
, Nature
338
, 514
–518
(1989
).16.
M.
Ericsson
, D.
Hanstorp
, P.
Hagberg
, J.
Enger
, and T.
Nyström
, J. Bacteriol.
182
, 5551
(2000
).17.
S.
Chattopadhyay
, R.
Moldovan
, C.
Yeung
, and L.
Wu
, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
103
, 13712
(2006
).18.
T. L.
Min
, P. J.
Mears
, L. M.
Chubiz
, C. V.
Rao
, I.
Golding
, and Y. R.
Chemla
, Nat. Methods
6
, 831
(2009
).19.
Y.
Sowa
, B. C.
Steel
, and R. M.
Berry
, Rev. Sci. Instrum.
81
, 113704
(2010
).20.
A.
Ohlinger
, A.
Deak
, A. A.
Lutich
, and J.
Feldmann
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
108
, 018101
(2012
).21.
M. C.
Wang
and G. E.
Uhlenbeck
, Rev. Mod. Phys.
17
, 323
(1945
).22.
See supplementary material at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4867196 for further data plots and a movie showing the periodic cell body rotation of an active bacterium trapped in an optical tweezer.
23.
D. B.
Kearns
and R.
Losick
, Mol. Microbiol.
49
, 581
(2003
).24.
D. S.
Bischoff
, R. B.
Bourret
, M. L.
Kirsch
, and G. W.
Ordal
, Biochemistry
32
, 9256
(1993
).25.
K. C.
Neuman
, E. H.
Chadd
, G. F.
Liou
, K.
Bergman
, and S.
Block
, Biophys. J.
77
, 2856
(1999
).26.
U.
Mirsaidov
, Phys. Rev. E
78
, 021910
(2008
).27.
M. B.
Rasmussen
, C. B.
Oddershede
, and H.
Siegumfeldt
, Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
74
, 2441
(2008
).28.
E. M.
Purcell
, Am. J. Phys.
45
, 3
(1977
).29.
N.
Cohen
and J. H. S.
Boyle
, Contemp. Phys.
51
, 103
(2010
).30.
E.
Lauga
and T. R.
Powers
, Rep. Prog. Phys.
72
, 096601
(2009
).31.
M.
Kim
and T. R.
Powers
, Phys. Rev. E
69
, 061910
(2004
).32.
H.
Flores
, E.
Lobaton
, S.
Méndez-Diez
, S.
Tlupova
, and R.
Cortez
, Bull. Math. Biol.
67
, 137
(2005
)33.
T. R.
Powers
, Phys. Rev. E
65
, 040903
(2002
).34.
E. R.
Dufresne
and D. G.
Grier
, Rev. Sci. Instrum.
69
, 1974
(1998
).35.
S.
Nedev
, A. S.
Urban
, A. A.
Lutich
, and J.
Feldmann
, Nano Lett.
11
, 5066
(2011
).© 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.
2014
AIP Publishing LLC
You do not currently have access to this content.