A terahertz fishnet metamaterial, consisting of a gallium arsenide substrate sandwiched between multi-layer graphene-dielectric composites, is theoretically studied. Detailed analysis shows that this metamaterial has a left-handed transmission peak accompanied with an abnormal phase dispersion and a clear negative refractive index which originates from simultaneous magnetic and electric resonances. Our structure is unique because it has no metallic parts to achieve the left-handed properties. The most important utility of this metamaterial comes from the fact that its left-handed features can be dynamically controlled by applying external bias to shift the Fermi level in graphene.
REFERENCES
1.
B.
Ferguson
and X. C.
Zhang
, Nature Mater.
1
, 26
(2002
).2.
P. H.
Siegel
, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.
50
, 910
(2002
).3.
D. R.
Smith
, W. J.
Padilla
, D. C.
Vier
, S. C.
Nemat-Nasser
, and S.
Schultz
, Phys. Rev. Lett.
84
, 4184
(2000
).4.
T. J.
Cui
, D. R.
Smith
, and R.
Liu
, Metamaterials: Theory, Design, and Applications
(Springer
, 2010
).5.
N. I.
Landy
, C. M.
Bingham
, T.
Tyler
, N.
Jokerst
, D. R.
Smith
, and W. J.
Padilla
, Phys. Rev. B
79
, 125104
(2009
).6.
W.
Zhu
, Y.
Huang
, I. D.
Rukhlenko
, G.
Wen
, and M.
Premaratne
, Opt. Express
20
, 6616
(2012
).7.
Z.
Zhu
, X.
Yang
, J.
Gu
, J.
Jiang
, W.
Yue
, Z.
Tian
, M.
Tonouchi
, J.
Han
, and W.
Zhang
, Nanotechnology
24
, 214003
(2013
).8.
F.
Zhou
, Y.
Bao
, W.
Cao
, C. T.
Stuart
, J.
Gu
, W.
Zhang
, and C.
Sun
, Sci. Rep.
1
, 78
(2011
).9.
K. S.
Novoselov
, A. K.
Geim
, S. V.
Morozov
, D.
Jiang
, Y.
Zhang
, S. V.
Dubonos
, I. V.
Grigorieva
, and A. A.
Firsov
, Science
306
, 666
(2004
).10.
L.
Vicarelli
, M. S.
Vitiello
, D.
Coquillat
, A.
Lombardo
, A. C.
Ferrari
, W.
Knap
, M.
Polini
, V.
Pellegrini
, and A.
Tredicucci
, Nature Mater.
11
, 865
(2012
).11.
S. H.
Lee
, J.
Choi
, H.
Kim
, H.
Choi
, and B.
Min
, Sci. Rep.
3
, 2135
(2013
).12.
H. J.
Xu
, W. B.
Lu
, W.
Zhu
, Z. G.
Dong
, and T. J.
Cui
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
100
, 243110
(2012
).13.
B.
Sensale-Rodriguez
, T.
Fang
, R.
Yan
, M. M.
Kelly
, D.
Jena
, L.
Liu
, and H.
Xing
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
99
, 113104
(2011
).14.
K. S.
Novoselov
, A. K.
Geim
, S. V.
Morozov
, D.
Jiang
, M. I.
Katsnelson
, I. V.
Grigorieva
, S. V.
Dubonos
, and A. A.
Firsov
, Nature
438
, 197
(2005
).15.
V. P.
Gusynin
, S. G.
Sharapov
, and J. P.
Carbotte
, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
19
, 026222
(2007
).16.
G. W.
Hanson
, J. Appl. Phys.
103
, 064302
(2008
).17.
Q.
Bao
and K. P.
Loh
, ACS Nano
6
, 3677
(2012
).18.
Y.
Wu
, Y.
Lin
, A. A.
Bol
, K. A.
Jenkins
, F.
Xia
, D. B.
Farmer
, W.
Zhu
, and P.
Avouris
, Nature
472
, 74
(2011
).19.
W.
Zhu
, I. D.
Rukhlenko
, and M.
Premaratne
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
102
, 241914
(2013
).20.
G.
Kalita
, M.
Matsushima
, H.
Uchida
, K.
Wakita
, and M.
Umeno
, J. Mater. Chem.
20
, 9713
(2010
).21.
M. A.
Gluba
, D.
Amkreutz
, G. V.
Troppenz
, J.
Rappich
, and N. H.
Nickel
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
103
, 073102
(2013
).22.
A.
Fallahi
and J.
Perruisseau-Carrier
, Phys. Rev. B
86
, 195408
(2012
).23.
W.
Zhu
, I. D.
Rukhlenko
, L.
Si
, and M.
Premaratne
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
102
, 121911
(2013
).24.
P.
Tassin
, T.
Koschny
, M.
Kafesaki
, and C. M.
Soukoulis
, Nat. Photonics
6
, 259
(2012
).25.
M.
Kafesaki
, I.
Tsiapa
, N.
Katsarakis
, T.
Koschny
, C. M.
Soukoulis
, and E. N.
Economou
, Phys. Rev. B
75
, 235114
(2007
).26.
V. G.
Veselago
and E. E.
Narimanov
, Nature Mater.
5
, 759
(2006
).27.
I.
Llatser
, C.
Kremers
, A.
Cabellos-Aparicio
, J. M.
Jornet
, E.
Alarcon
, and D. N.
Chigrin
, Photon. Nanostruct.: Fundam. Appl.
10
, 353
(2012
).28.
A.
Sihvola
, Electromagnetic Mixing Formulas and Applications
(Institution of Electrical Engineers
, 1999
).29.
H.
Tao
, C. M.
Bingham
, A. C.
Strikwerda
, D.
Pilon
, D.
Shrekenhamer
, N. I.
Landy
, K.
Fan
, X.
Zhang
, W. J.
Padilla
, and R. D.
Averitt
, Phys. Rev. B
78
, 241103
–R
(2008
).30.
I. V.
Iorsh
, I. S.
Mukhin
, I. V.
Shadrivov
, P. A.
Belov
, and Y. S.
Kivshar
, Phys. Rev. B
87
, 075416
(2013
).31.
K. V.
Sreekanth
, A. D.
Luca
, and G.
Strangi
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
103
, 023107
(2013
).32.
W.
Zhu
and X.
Zhao
, Chin. Phys. Lett.
26
, 074212
(2009
).33.
D. R.
Smith
, S.
Schultz
, P.
Markos
, and C. M.
Soukoulis
, Phys. Rev. B
65
, 195104
(2002
).34.
G.
Dolling
, M.
Wegener
, C. M.
Soukoulis
, and S.
Linden
, Opt. Lett.
32
, 53
(2007
).35.
M.
Premaratne
and G. P.
Agrawal
, Light Propagation in Gain Media: Optical Amplifiers
(Cambridge University Press
, 2011
).© 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.
2014
AIP Publishing LLC
You do not currently have access to this content.
