Close-packed TiO2 nanotube arrays are prepared on metallic Ti surface by electrochemical anodization. Subsequently, by magnetron sputtering, Au nanoparticles are coated onto the top sidewall and tube inwall. The Au@TiO2 systems can effectively kill Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in darkness due to the existence of Au nanoparticles. On the basis of classical optical theories, the antibacterial mechanism is proposed from the perspective of localized surface plasmon resonance. Respiratory electrons of bacterial membrane transfer to Au nanoparticles and then to TiO2, which makes bacteria steadily lose electrons until death. This work provides insights for the better understanding and designing of noble metal nanoparticles-based plasmonic heterostructures for antibacterial application.
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See supplementary material at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4885401 for the experimental details and additional data, including a table showing the data for the energy level positions of Au and TiO2, a scheme showing the sample fabrication procedures, a figure showing the XRD patterns and EDS spectra, and a figure showing the photoluminescence spectra.
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