Laser-induced condensation by ultrashort laser pulses at 248 nm

We compare laser-induced condensation by UV laser pulses of femtosecond, sub-picosecond, and nanosecond duration between each other, as well as with respect to near-infrared (NIR) (800 nm) ultrashort laser pulses. Particle nucleation by UV pulses is so efficient that their growth beyond several hundreds of nm is limited by the local concentration of water vapour molecules. Furthermore, we evidence a dual mechanism: While condensation induced by ultrashort UV pulses rely on nitrogen photo-oxidative chemistry like in the NIR, nanosecond laser-induced condensation occurs without NO₂ production, evidencing the domination of a mechanism distinct from that previously identified in the femtosecond regime.