Confocal Raman microscopy, a non-invasive, label-free, and high spatial resolution imaging technique is employed to trace the anticancer drug paclitaxel in living Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells. The Raman images were treated by K-mean cluster analysis to detect the drug in cells. Distribution of paclitaxel in cells is verified by calculating the correlation coefficient between the reference spectrum of the drug and the whole Raman image spectra. A time dependent gradual diffusion of paclitaxel all over the cell is observed suggesting a complementary picture of the pharmaceutical action of this drug based on rapid binding of free tubulin to crystallized paclitaxel.
REFERENCES
1.
N.
Desai
, V.
Trieu
, Z.
Yao
, L.
Louie
, S.
Ci
, A.
Yang
, C.
Tao
, T.
De
, B.
Beals
, D.
Dykes
et al., Clin. Cancer Res.
12
, 1317
(2006
).2.
R. M. R.
Gangemi
, M.
Tiso
, C.
Marchetti
, A. B.
Severi
, and M.
Fabbi
, Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.
36
, 385
(1995
).3.
A.
Gershlick
, I.
De Scheerder
, B.
Chevalier
, A.
Stephens-Lloyd
, E.
Camenzind
, C.
Vrints
, N.
Reifart
, L.
Missault
, J.-J.
Goy
, J. A.
Brinker
et al., Circulation
109
, 487
(2004
).4.
A. K.
Singla
, A.
Garg
, and D.
Aggarwal
, Int. J. Pharm.
235
, 179
(2002
).5.
W. B.
Derry
, L.
Wilson
, and M. A.
Jordan
, Biochemistry
34
, 2203
(1995
).6.
X. P.
Wang
, T. S.
Chen
, L.
Sun
, J. Y.
Cai
, M. Q.
Wu
, and M.
Mok
, Micron
39
, 1216
(2008
).7.
J. S.
Castro
, P. A.
Deymier
, B.
Trzaskowski
, and J.
Bucay
, Colloids Surf., B
76
, 199
(2010
).8.
M.
Foss
, B. W. L.
Wilcox
, G. B.
Alsop
, and D.
Zhang
, PLoS ONE
3
, e1476
(2008
).9.
C.
Matthäus
, T.
Chernenko
, J. A.
Newmark
, C. M.
Warner
, and M.
Diem
, Biophys. J.
93
, 668
(2007
).10.
K. E.
Shafer-Peltier
, A. S.
Haka
, J. T.
Motz
, M.
Fitzmaurice
, R. R.
Dasari
, and M. S.
Feld
, J. Cell Biochem.
87
(Suppl. 39), 125
(2002
).11.
C.
Krafft
, T.
Knetschke
, A.
Siegner
, R. H. W.
Funk
, and R.
Salzer
, Vib. Spectrosc.
32
, 75
(2003
).12.
T.
Chernenko
, C.
Matthaüs
, L.
Milane
, L.
Quintero
, M.
Amiji
, and M.
Diem
, ACS Nano
3
, 3552
(2009
).13.
M. M.
Mariani
, P. J.
Day
, and V.
Deckert
, Integr. Biol.
2
, 94
(2010
).14.
A. H.
Zhou
, G. D.
McEwen
, and Y. Z.
Wu
, in Microscopy: Science, Technology, Applications and Education A
, edited by A.
Méndez-Vilas
and J.
Díaz
(FORMATEX
, 2010
), Vol. 1
, p. 515
, available at: http://www.formatex.org.15.
C.
Matthäus
, S.
Bodyston-White
, M.
Miljkovic
, M.
Romeo
, and M.
Diem
, Appl. Spectrosc.
60
, 1
(2006
).16.
C.
Krafft
, B.
Dietzek
, and J.
Popp
, Analyst
134
, 1046
(2009
).17.
A.
Downes
and A.
Elfick
, Sensors
10
, 1871
(2010
).18.
K.
Hartmann
, M.
Becker-Putsche
, T.
Bocklitz
, K.
Pachmann
, A.
Niendorf
, P.
Rösch
, and J.
Popp
, Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
403
, 745
(2012
).19.
L.
Derely
, P.-Y. C.
Dutilleul
, S.
de Welle
, V.
Szabo
, C.
Gergely
, and F. J. G.
Cuisinier
, in Nanoscale Imaging, Sensing, and Actuation for Biomedical Applications VIII
, edited by A. N.
Cartwright
and D. V.
Nicolau
(SPIE
, San Francisco, USA
, 2011
), p. 79080H
.20.
J.
Dorney
, F.
Bonnier
, A.
Garcia
, A.
Casey
, G.
Chambers
, and H.
Byrne
, Analyst
137
, 1111
(2012
).21.
M.
Miljković
, T.
Chernenko
, M. J.
Romeo
, B.
Bird
, C.
Matthäus
, and M.
Diem
, Analyst
135
, 2002
(2010
).22.
J.
Ling
, S. D.
Weitman
, M. A.
Miller
, R. V.
Moore
, and A. C.
Bovik
, Appl. Opt.
41
, 6006
(2002
).23.
24.
H. J.
Kuh
, S. H.
Jang
, M. G.
Wientjes
, and J. L.
Au
, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
293
, 761
(2000
).25.
P. B.
Schiff
and S. B.
Horwitz
, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
77
, 1561
(1980
).© 2013 American Institute of Physics.
2013
American Institute of Physics
You do not currently have access to this content.
