We report reconfigurable circuits formed by liquid metal shaping with <10 pounds per square inch (psi) Laplace and vacuum pressures. Laplace pressure drives liquid metals into microreplicated trenches, and upon release of vacuum, the liquid metal dewets into droplets that are compacted to 10–100× less area than when in the channel. Experimental validation includes measurements of actuation speeds exceeding 30 cm/s, simple erasable resistive networks, and switchable 4.5 GHz antennas. Such capability may be of value for next generation of simple electronic switches, tunable antennas, adaptive reflectors, and switchable metamaterials.
REFERENCES
1.
F. B.
Gross
, W.
Rinaldi
, and S.
Green
, Frontiers in Antennas: Next Generation Design & Engineering
(The McGraw-Hill Companies
, New York
, 2011
), p. 277
–303
.2.
C.
Chung-Hao
and D.
Peroulis
, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech.
55
(12
), 2919
(2007
).3.
D. Y.
Kim
and A. J.
Steckl
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
90
(4
), 043507
(2007
).4.
J.-H.
So
, J.
Thelen
, A.
Qusba
, G. J.
Hayes
, G.
Lazzi
, and M. D.
Dickey
, Adv. Funct. Mater.
19
(22
), 3632
(2009
).5.
M. R.
Khan
, G. J.
Hayes
, J.-H.
So
, G.
Lazzi
, and M. D.
Dickey
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
99
(1
), 013501
(2011
).6.
I. E.
Khodasevych
, C. M.
Shah
, S.
Sriram
, M.
Bhaskaran
, W.
Withayachumnankul
, B. S. Y.
Ung
, H.
Lin
, W. S. T.
Rowe
, D.
Abbott
, and A.
Mitchell
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
100
(6
), 061101
(2012
).7.
G. J.
Hayes
, S.
Ju-Hee
, A.
Qusba
, M. D.
Dickey
, and G.
Lazzi
, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.
60
(5
), 2151
(2012
).8.
J.
Wang
, S.
Liu
, and A.
Nahata
, Opt. Express
20
(11
), 12119
(2012
).9.
SIGMA-ALDRICH, in
Adobe Reader
, edited by MSDS
(SIGMA-ALDRICH
, 2011
).10.
W. R.
Hunter
and R. T.
Williams
, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res.
222
(1–2
), 359
(1984
).11.
M. D.
Dickey
, R. C.
Chiechi
, R. J.
Larsen
, E. A.
Weiss
, D. A.
Weitz
, and G. M.
Whitesides
, Adv. Funct. Mater.
18
(7
), 1097
(2008
).12.
R. J.
Larsen
, M. D.
Dickey
, G. M.
Whitesides
, and D. A.
Weitz
, J. Rheol.
53
(6
), 1305
(2009
).13.
P.
Surmann
and H.
Zeyat
, Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
383
(6
), 1009
(2005
).14.
L.
Tingyi
, P.
Sen
, and C.- J.
Kim
, J. Microelectromech. S.
21
(2
), 443
(2012
).15.
R. H.
Busey
and W. F.
Giauque
, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
75
(4
), 806
(1953
).16.
F.
Aqra
and A.
Ayyad
, Metall. Mater. Trans. B
42
(1
), 5
(2011
).17.
18.
19.
Pollard Highway Products
, in Adobe Reader
, edited by MSDS (Pollard Highway Products
, 2012
).20.
R. H.
Stokes
and R. A.
Robinson
, Ind. Eng. Chem.
41
(9
), 2013
(1949
).21.
22.
J.
Kestin
, H. E.
Khalifa
, and R. J.
Correia
, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data
10
(1
), 71
(1981
).23.
O.
Ozdemir
, S. I.
Karakashev
, A. V.
Nguyen
, and J. D.
Miller
, Minerals Eng.
22
(3
), 263
(2009
).24.
25.
26.
X.
Xu
, B.
Peng
, D.
Li
, J.
Zhang
, L. M.
Wong
, Q.
Zhang
, S.
Wang
, and Q.
Xiong
, Nano Lett.
11
(8
), 3232
(2011
).27.
M. G.
Pollack
, A. D.
Shenderov
, and R. B.
Fair
, Lab Chip
2
(2
), 96
(2002
).28.
See supplementary material at http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4764020 for discussion of our dosing technique and dipole simulation results (Fig. S1).
29.
M.
Maillard
, J.
Legrand
, and B.
Berge
, Langmuir
25
(11
), 6162
(2009
).30.
31.
S. J.
Mazlouman
, A.
Mahanfar
, C.
Menon
, and R. G.
Vaughan
, in presented at IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation
(APSURSI
), 2011
.32.
A.
Banerjee
, E.
Kreit
, Y.
Liu
, J.
Heikenfeld
, and I.
Papautsky
, Lab Chip
12
(4
), 758
(2012
).© 2012 American Institute of Physics.
2012
American Institute of Physics
You do not currently have access to this content.