We demonstrate a flexible, electrowetting-driven, variable-focus liquid microlens. The microlens is fabricated using a soft polymer polydimethylsiloxane. The lens can be smoothly wrapped onto a curved surface. A low-temperature fabrication process was developed to reduce the stress on and to avoid any damage to the polymer. The focal length of the microlens varies between −15.0 mm to +28.0 mm, depending on the applied voltage. The resolving power of the microlens is 25.39 line pairs per mm using a 1951 United States Air Force resolution chart. The typical response time of the lens is around 50 ms.
REFERENCES
1.
S.
Kuiper
and B. H. W.
Hendriks
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
85
, 1128
(2004
).2.
H.
Ren
and S. T.
Wu
, Opt. Express
16
, 2646
(2008
).3.
C.-C.
Cheng
, C. A.
Chang
, and J. A.
Yeh
, Opt. Express
14
, 4101
(2006
).4.
L.
Dong
, A. K.
Agarwal
, D. J.
Beebe
, and H.
Jiang
, Nature (London)
442
, 551
(2006
).5.
Y.
Kim
, J. H.
Park
, H.
Choi
, S.
Jung
, S. W.
Min
, and B.
Lee
, Opt. Express
12
, 421
(2004
).6.
D.
Zhu
, X.
Zeng
, C.
Li
, and H.
Jiang
, J. Microelectromech. Syst.
20
, 389
(2011
).7.
W. L.
IJzerman
, S. T.
de Zwart
, and T.
Dekker
, SID Symp. Digest Tech. Papers
34
, 98
(2005
).8.
B.
Lee
, S.
Jung
, S. W.
Min
, and J. H.
Park
, Opt. Lett.
26
, 1481
(2001
).9.
K.-H.
Jeong
, J.
Kim
, and L. P.
Lee
, Science
312
, 557
(2006
).10.
I.
Jung
, J.
Xiao
, V.
Malyarchuk
, C.
Lu
, M.
Li
, Z.
Liu
, J.
Yoon
, Y.
Huang
, and J. A.
Rogers
, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
108
, 1788
(2011
).11.
T.-K.
Shih
, C.-F.
Chen
, J.-R.
Ho
, and F.-T.
Chuang
, Microelectron. Eng.
83
, 2499
(2006
).12.
H.
Ren
and S.-T.
Wu
, Opt. Express
15
, 5931
(2007
).13.
H.
Ren
, Y.-H.
Fan
, Y. -H.
Lin
, and S.-T.
Wu
, Opt. Commun.
247
, 101
(2005
).14.
C. C.
Cheng
and J. A.
Yeh
, Opt. Express
15
, 7140
(2007
).15.
B.
Berge
and J.
Peseux
, Eur. Phys. J. E
3
, 159
(2000
).16.
T.
Krupenkin
, S.
Yang
, and P.
Mach
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
82
, 316
(2003
).17.
M.
Vallet
, B.
Berge
, and L.
Vovelle
, Polymer
37
, 2465
(1996
).18.
X.
Zeng
, C.
Li
, D.
Zhu
, H.
Cho
, and H.
Jiang
, J. Micromech. Microeng.
20
, 115035
(2010
).19.
M.
Eddings
, M.
Johnson
, and B.
Gale
, J. Micromech. Microeng.
18
, 067001
(2008
).20.
H.
Moon
, S. K.
Cho
, R.
Garrell
, and C.-J.
Kim
, Appl. Phys. Lett.
92
, 4080
(2002
).© 2012 American Institute of Physics.
2012
American Institute of Physics
You do not currently have access to this content.
