Electrically tuned photonic crystals are produced by applying fields across shear-assembled elastomeric polymer opal thin films. At increasing voltages, the polymer opal films stretch biaxially under Maxwell stress, deforming the nanostructure and producing marked color changes. This quadratic electro-optic tuning of the photonic bandgap is repeatable over many cycles, switches within 100 ms, and bridges the gap between electro-active materials and photonic crystals.

1.
J. V.
Sanders
,
Nature (London)
204
,
1151
(
1964
).
2.
Y. J.
Lee
and
P. V.
Braun
,
Adv. Mater.
15
,
563
(
2003
).
3.
B.
Viel
,
T.
Ruhl
, and
G. P.
Hellmann
,
Chem. Mater.
19
,
5673
(
2007
).
4.
A. C.
Arsenault
,
T. J.
Clark
,
G. V.
Freymann
,
L.
Cademartiri
,
R.
Sapienza
,
J.
Bertolotti
,
E.
Vekris
,
S.
Wong
,
V.
Kitaev
,
I.
Manners
 et al,
Nature Mater.
5
,
179
(
2006
).
5.
B.
Hatton
,
L.
Mishchenko
,
S.
Davis
,
K. H.
Sandhage
, and
J.
Aizenberg
,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
107
(
23
)
10354
(
2010
).
6.
Y. A.
Volasov
,
X.
Bo
,
J. C.
Sturm
, and
D. J.
Norris
,
Nature (London)
414
,
289
(
2001
).
7.
R.
Pelrine
,
R.
Kornbluh
,
Q.
Pei
, and
J.
Joseph
,
Science
287
,
836
(
2000
).
8.
Q. M.
Zhang
,
J.
Su
,
C. H.
Kim
,
R.
Ting
, and
R.
Caps
,
J. Appl. Phys.
81
,
2770
(
1997
).
9.
C.
Keplinger
,
M.
Kaltenbrunner
,
N.
Arnold
, and
S.
Bauer
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
92
,
192903
(
2008
).
10.
C.
Keplinger
,
M.
Kaltenbrunner
,
N.
Arnold
, and
S.
Bauer
,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.
107
,
4505
(
2009
).
11.
F.
Carpi
,
S.
Bauer
, and
D.
De Rossi
,
Science
24
,
1759
(
2010
).
12.
O. L. J.
Pursiainen
,
J. J.
Baumberg
,
H.
Winkler
,
B.
Viel
,
P.
Spahn
, and
T.
Ruhl
,
Adv. Mater.
20
,
1484
(
2008
).
13.
O. L. J.
Pursiainen
,
J. J.
Baumberg
,
H.
Winkler
,
B.
Viel
,
P.
Spahn
, and
T.
Ruhl
,
Opt. Express
15
,
9552
(
2007
).
14.
C. E.
Finlayson
,
P.
Spahn
,
D. R. E.
Snoswell
,
G.
Yates
,
A.
Kontogeorgos
,
A. I.
Haines
,
G. P.
Hellmann
, and
J. J.
Baumberg
,
Adv. Mater.
23
,
1540
(
2011
).
15.
A.
Kontogeorgos
,
D. R. E.
Snoswell
,
C. E.
Finlayson
,
J. J.
Baumberg
,
P.
Spahn
, and
G. P.
Hellmann
,
Phys. Rev. Lett.
105
,
233909
(
2010
).
16.
J.
Plante
and
S.
Dubowsky
,
Int. J. Solids Struct.
43
,
7727
(
2006
).
17.
K. L.
Ngai
and
C. M.
Roland
,
Macromolecules
27
,
2454
(
1994
).
18.
S. M.
Ha
,
M.
Wissler
,
R.
Pelrine
,
S.
Stanford
,
G.
Kovacs
, and
Q.
Pei
,
Proc. SPIE
6524
,
652408
(
2007
).
19.
Z.
Suo
,
Acta Mech. Solida Sinica
23
,
549
(
2010
).
20.
D. R. E.
Snoswell
,
A.
Kontogeorgos
,
J. J.
Baumberg
,
T. D.
Lord
,
M. R.
Mackley
,
P.
Spahn
, and
G. P.
Hellmann
,
Phys. Rev. E
81
,
020401
(
2010
).
21.
P.
Areias
and
K.
Matous
,
Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng.
197
,
4702
(
2008
).
22.
O. L. J.
Pursiainen
,
J. J.
Baumberg
,
H.
Winkler
,
B.
Viel
, and
T.
Ruhl
,
Appl. Phys. Lett.
87
,
101902
(
2005
).
23.
H.
Nagaishi
,
N.
Oshima
, and
R.
Fujii
,
Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A
95
,
337
(
1990
).
You do not currently have access to this content.