In the present work, the influence of the fiber orientation, directly related to the porosity and permeability of the reinforcing component, in the creation of lightweight composite structures, and how the fluid flow is influenced in relation to it, is considered. The research was done on the basis of a created algorithm for building virtual analyzes taking into account the orientation, including four main steps. The results of studies taking into account the created orientation and those without taking it into account were compared, showing the essential difference and advantage of the created algorithm.

Topics
Composite materials, Porous media, Fluid flows
1.
Henning
,
F.
,
Kärger
,
L.
,
Dörr
,
D.
,
Schirmaier
,
F.J.
,
Seuffert
,
J.
,
Bernath
,
A.
,
2019
.
Fast processing and continuous simulation of automotive structural composite components
.
Composites Science and Technology
171
,
261
–
279
.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.12.007
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
2.
Hancock
,
S.
,
Harper
,
L.
,
2023
.
Cost, rate, and robustness
, in:
Design and Manufacture of Structural Composites.
Elsevier
, pp.
447
–
471
.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819160-6.00022-6
Google Scholar
 
3.
Mansor
,
M.R.
,
Fadzullah
,
S.H.S.M.
,
Nurfaizey
,
A.H.
,
2021
. Life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis of composite products in automotive applications, in:
Biocomposite and Synthetic Composites for Automotive Applications
.
Elsevier
, pp.
147
–
172
.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820559-4.00005-5
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
4.
Goodsell
,
J.
,
Bogdanor
,
M.
,
Favaloro
,
A.
,
2023
.
Design for manufacture
, in:
Design and Manufacture of Structural Composites. Elsevier
, pp.
349
–
372
.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819160-6.00012-3
Google Scholar
 
5.
Ageyeva
,
T.
,
Sibikin
,
I.
,
Kovacs
,
J.
,
2019
.
A review of Thermoplastic Resin Transfer Molding: Process Modeling and Simulation
.
Polymers
11
.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11101555
Google Scholar
 
6.
Lee
,
J.
,
Lim
,
J.
,
Kim
,
M.
,
2019
.
Effect of thermoplastic resin transfer molding process and flame surface treatment on mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composite
.
Polymers
10
.
https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25445
Google Scholar
 
7.
Mallick
,
P.K.
,
2021
. Thermoplastics and thermoplastic–matrix composites for lightweight automotive structures, in:
Materials, Design and Manufacturing for Lightweight Vehicles
.
Elsevier
, pp.
187
–
228
.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818712-8.00005-7
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
8.
Gomez
,
C.
,
Salvatori
,
D.
,
Caglar
,
B.
,
Trigueira
,
R.
,
Orange
,
G.
,
Michaud
,
V.
,
2021
.
Resin Transfer molding of High-Fluidity Polyamide-6 with modified Glass-Fabric preforms
.
Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing.
Google Scholar
 
9.
Poodts
,
E.
,
Minak
,
G.
,
Mazzocchetti
,
L.
,
Giorgini
,
L.
,
2014
.
Fabrication, process simulation and testing of a thick CFRP component using the RTM process
.
Composites Part B: Engineering
56
,
673
–
680
.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.08.088
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
10.
Wang
,
M.Y.
,
Chang
,
R.Y.
,
Hsu
,
Ch.H.
,
2018
.
Molding Simulation: Theory and Practice
.
Carl Hanser Verlag
,
München, Germany
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
11.
Mendikute
,
J.
,
Baskaran
,
M.
,
Llavori
,
I.
,
Zugasti
,
E.
,
Aretxabaleta
,
L.
,
Aurrekoetxea
,
J.
,
2023
.
Predicting the effect of voids generated during RTM on the low-velocity impact behaviour by machine learning-based surrogate models
.
Composites Part B: Engineering
260
,
110790
.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2023.110790
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
12.
Kang
,
M.
,
Jung
,
J.
,
Lee
,
W.
,
2000
.
Analysis of resin transfer molding process with controlled multiple gates resin injection
.
Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing
31
,
407
–
422
.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(99)00086-X
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
13.
Liu
,
B.
,
Bickerton
,
S.
,
Advani
,
S.
,
1996
.
Modelling and simulation of resin transfer moulding (RTM)-gate control, venting and dry spot prediction
.
Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 135–141.
https://doi.org/10.1016/1359-835X(95)00012-Q
Google Scholar
 
14.
Naik
,
N.K.
,
Sirisha
,
M.
,
Inani
,
A.
,
2014
.
Permeability characterization of polymer matrix composites by RTM/VARTM
.
Progress in Aerospace Sciences
65
,
22
–
40
.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2013.09.002
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
15.
Sozer
,
E.M.
,
Simacek
,
P.
,
Advani
,
S.G.
,
2012
. Resin transfer molding (RTM) in polymer matrix composites, in:
Manufacturing Techniques for Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs)
.
Elsevier
, pp.
245
–
309
.
https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857096258.3.243
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
16.
Sofronov
,
Y.
,
Zagorski
,
M.
,
Todorov
,
G.
,
Gavrailov
,
T.
,
2019
.
Approach for reverse engineering of complex geometry components
. Presented at the
BulTrans, Sozopol, Bulgaria
.
Google Scholar
 
17.
Antonov
,
S.
,
2020
.
MODERN TECHOLOGIES IN COMPUTER DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF SYSTEMS FOR STRESS-STRAIN CALCULATIONS OF WEAPON SYSTEM ELEMENTS
. Presented at the
International Conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
18.
Kärger
,
L.
,
Bernath
,
A.
,
Fritz
,
F.
,
Galkin
,
S.
,
Magagnato
,
D.
,
Oeckerath
,
A.
,
Schön
,
A.
,
Henning
,
F.
,
2015
.
Development and validation of a CAE chain for unidirectional fibre reinforced composite components
.
Composite Structures
132
,
350
–
358
.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.05.047
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
19.
Todorov
,
G.
,
Sofronov
,
Y.
,
Romanov
,
B.
New product development and production in extremely short terms - Safety goggles
,
10th International Scientific Conference on Engineering, Technologies and Systems, TECHSYS
2021
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
20.
Afazov
,
S.M.
,
Becker
,
A.A.
,
Hyde
,
T.H.
,
2012
.
Development of a Finite Element Data Exchange System for chain simulation of manufacturing processes
.
Advances in Engineering Software
47
,
104
–
113
.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2011.12.011
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
21.
Bickerton
,
S.
,
Šimáček
,
P.
,
Guglielmi
,
S.E.
,
Advani
,
S.G.
,
1997
.
Investigation of draping and its effects on the mold filling process during manufacturing of a compound curved composite part
.
Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing
28
,
801
–
816
.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(97)00033-X
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
22.
Rajan
,
S.D.
,
Mobasher
,
B.
 and all,
2014
.
Explicit Finite Element Modeling of Multylayer Composite Fabric for Gas Turbine Engine Containment System.
Google Scholar
 
23.
Ivanov
,
Iv.
,
Tabei
,
A.
,
2004
.
Loosely woven fabric model with viscoelastic crimped fibers for ballistic impact simulation
.
International Journal For Numerical Methods In Engineering
61
,
1565
–
1583
.
https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.1113
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
24.
Livermore Software Technology Corporation
,
2021
.
LS-Dyna Keywork User’s Manual, Volume II, Material Models [WWW Document]. LS-DYNA Manual Volume II R13.
URL https://ftp.lstc.com/anonymous/outgoing/jday/manuals/LS-DYNA_Manual_Volume_II_R13_superceded.pdf
This content is only available via PDF.
© 2025 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
2025
Author(s)