Advancing agrivoltaics within the U.S. legal framework: A multidimensional assessment of barriers & opportunities

To support the broader realization of agrivoltaics in the U.S., this research provides a multidimensional assessment of the socio-political barriers and opportunities for development. A synthesis of five empirical studies is presented: 1) an investigation of the impediments to farmer adoption; 2) an exploration of development challenges from the perspective of solar industry professionals; 3) a survey gauging public support and siting preferences for agrivoltaics; 4) a life cycle assessment of a pasture-based agrivoltaic system; and 5) the development of a comprehensive legal framework for agrivoltaics in the U.S. The assessment reveals the intersectionality among key stakeholders, communities, the environment, and legal frameworks, which can inform agrivoltaic decision making, stakeholder relations, and policy design globally. The primary socio-political barriers identified include: techno-economic challenges, community resistance, lack of financial incentive for both sectors, and restrictive local land use policy. The central socio-political opportunities include: income diversification, enhanced community relations and acceptance, energy demand and emissions reduction, and policy integration between key sectors. These findings demonstrate the need for multidimensional and interdisciplinary approaches to agrivoltaic development and an increased research focus on socio-political considerations.