The role of CXCL9 and IFIH1 in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease that is thought to be triggered by environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals. IDDM includes two types, first type 1daibetes (MD1), and the second type latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). Enteroviruses have been mentioned as the most probable induction component of the disease. Nevertheless, the literature is controversial regarding the association of IDDM with viral infection and first-line antiviral defense component, such as cytokines. This study was carried out in the department of Biology, College of Science, University of Wasit, from December 2018 to December 2019. The current study aimed to evaluate the role of some cytokines (CXCL9 and IFIH1) in initiate the IDDM as an autoimmune disorder. The patients were included 68 with IDDM (40 male and 28 female) that divided into 53 MD1 patients and 15 from LADA patients, their age from <10 years to 50 years old. Total RNAs were extracted from all patients and control groups by using Acuazol kit then converted to complementary DNA. Real Time qPCR was used to detect gene expression of CXCL9 and IFH1 by using Eva green kit. By using a relative gene expression method, a high significant of CXCL9 (6.34 folding) was found in patients with type 1(DM1) diabetes than the control groups, while LADA patients showed significant upregulation (9.22 folding) than DM1 and control group, however adults diabetic patients type I appeared a highly significant expression (12.52 folding) than kids patients (1.71 folding) with IDDM. On the other hand, our findings showed slightly overexpression regarding of interferon-induced helicase 1 (IFIH1) (1.41 folding) in the blood cells of IDDM subjects comparing to the control groups. In the opposite direction, the IFIH1 showed downexpression (0.13 folding) in LADA patients comparing to the DM1 and the control groups. In addition kids DM1 patients showed upregulation (2.72 folding) than adults patients (0.84 folding) and control groups.