The modification of natural rubber (NR) using grafting method with maleic anhydride (MA) is intended to improve adhesion of the matrix as a binder on sand aggregate surface. In this work, natural rubber (Standard Indonesian Rubber: SIR 10) was modified using reflux technique, for 60 minutes, in toluene solution with various concentration of MA (i.e.,1,3,5,7,10phr) in the presence of constant concentration of benzoyl peroxide (BPO: 0.5 phr) as initiator. The reaction mixture were then evaporated and dried under vacuum oven at 60°C to constant weight. Amount of grafted MA in NR matrices were determined by titration method using potassium hydroxide in ethanol solution after exhaustive washing in acetone-methanol solvents. It was found that the optimum grafting degree of MA in NR matrix was 7.6%,when used 7 phr of MA, and this was confirmed by FTIR spectra analysis which showed the presence of NR-grafted MA (NR-g-MA) at absorption peak of carbonyl (>C=O) group number 1712.58 cm-1. The NR-g-MA matrices were then mixed with various weight ratio of the matrices to sand aggregate (3:7, 4:6, and 5:5) using mechanical stirrer in toluene solution. After drying, the mixtures were compression moulded to specimens, according to ASTM D 790-02. Results of 3-point bending tests of the specimens with optimum weight ratio (5:5) were: modulus of elasticity MoE) 969.82 MPa and modulus of rupture (MoR) of 4.42 MPa. Further testing according to SNI 03-2105-2006, showed water absorption ability of 3.76%. Characterization of the optimum sample using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed decomposition on peak at higher temperature but lower heat capacity when compared to sample without sand aggregate.

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