A study has taken on simulation of the bioavtur production process with 6 types of vegetable oil: kemiri sunan oil, kesambi oil, nyamplung oil, palm oil, soybean oil and sunflower seed oil to evaluate the conversion. Simulation executed with variation in hydrotreating operating conditions. Pressure varied from 1-5MPa with an increment of 1MPa and temperature varied from 250-350℃ with 10℃ increment. The result showed vegetable oils with shorter chains are more likely to have higher yield and conversion, compared to longer chain vegetable oils. Free fatty acid content also contributes positively to reaction conversion. By evaluating the side product, it showed the trend for the hydro- deoxygenation reaction path will continue to increase as temperature increases. On the other side, the trend for the hydrodecarboxylation path is greater as the pressure increases. By evaluating the selectivity of palm oil at 2MPa and 290℃, it showed bioavtur selectivity at its peak at 3MPa and 290℃ or 300℃

Topics
Biofuels, Deoxygenation, Fatty acids
1.
B.
 
Yusuf
, "
Palm Oil and its Global Supply and Demand Prospect
,"
Oil Palm Industry Economical Journal
, pp.
1
–
10
,
2002
.
Google Scholar
 
2.
A.
 
Demirbas
,
A.
 
Bafail
,
W.
 
Ahmad
 and
M.
 
Sheikh
, "
Biodiesel production from non-edible plant oil
,"
Energy Exploration and Exploitation
, vol.
32
, pp.
290
–
318
,
2016
.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0144598716630166
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
3.
T.
 
Martono
 and
E.
 
Sulistyawati
, "
Biodiesel dari minyak nyamplung dan spiritus dengan katalisator kapur tohor
,"
Junal Natur Indonesia
, vol.
13
, pp.
112
–
117
,
2011
.
Google Scholar
 
4.
E.
 
Ramayeni
,
B. H.
 
Susanto
 and
D. F.
 
Pratama
, "
Synthesis of kemiri sunan (reutealis trisperma (blanco) airy shaw) H-FAME through partially hydrogenation using Ni/C catalyst to increase oxidation stability
,"
IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.
, vol.
105
, p.
012055
,
2017
.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/105/1/012055
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
5.
C.
 
Palanuvej
 and
N.
 
Vipunngun
, "
Fatty acid constituent of schleira oleosa oken seed oil
,"
J Health Res
, vol.
4
, no.
203
, p.
22
,
2008
.
Google Scholar
 
6.
Sousa,
C. C.
 
Cardoso
 and
V. M. D.
 
Pasa
, "
Producing Hydrocarbons for green diesel and jetfuel formulation from palm kernel fat over Pd/C
,"
Fuel Process
, pp.
35
–
42
,
2016
.
Google Scholar
 
7.
A.
 
Gutierrez
,
C.
 
Gomez
,
F. D.
 
lire
 and
Hernand
, "
A review on the production processes of renewble jet fuel
,"
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
, pp.
709
–
729
,
2017
.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.108
Google Scholar
 
8.
K.
 
David
 and
T.
 
Vratislav
, "
Hydrotreating of triglyceride based feedstocks in refineries
,"
Advances in chemical engineering
, vol.
42
, p.
141
,
2013
.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-386505-2.00003-1
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
9.
A.
 
Hayyan
,
M. Z.
 
Alam
,
M. E. S.
 
Mirghani
,
N. A.
 
Kabbashi
,
N. I. N. M.
 
Hakimi
,
Y. M.
 
Siran
 and
S.
 
Tahiruddin
, "
Reduction of high content free fatty acid in sludge palm oil via acid catalyst for bodiesel production
,"
Fuel Processing Technology
, vol.
92
, pp.
920
–
924
,
2011
.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.12.011
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
10.
I. H.
 
Rukunuddin
,
P. J.
 
White
,
C. J.
 
Bern
 and
T. B.
 
Bailey
, "
A Modified Method for Determining Free Fatty Acid From Small Soybean Oil Sample Sizes
,"
JAOCS
, vol.
75
, no.
5
, p.
563
,
1998
.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-998-0066-z
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
11.
A.
 
Abitobigun
,
A.
 
Omoyeshin
,
D.
 
Oloye
 and
O.
 
Alademehin
, "
Extraction and characterization of sunflower crude oil
,"
The Internet Jurnal of Nutrition and Wellness
, vol.
8
, no.
2
, pp.
1
–
5
.
12.
D. F.
 
Pratama
,
B. H.
 
Susanto
 and
E.
 
Ramayeni
, "
Application of modified microwave polyol process method on NiMo/C nanoparticle catalyst preparation for hydrogenated biodiesel production
,"
IOP Conf. Ser. : Earth Environ. Sci.
, vol.
105
, p.
012056
,
2017
.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/105/1/012056
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
13.
M.
 
Steijns
 and
G.
 
Froment
, "
Hydroisomerization and Hydrocracking 2. Product Distributions from n-Decane and n-Dodecane
,"
Ind. Eng . Chem. Prod. Res. Dev.
, pp.
654
–
660
,
1981
.
https://doi.org/10.1021/i300004a013
Google Scholar
 
14.
G.
 
Mary
,
G.
 
Chaouki
 and
F.
 
Luck
, "
Trickle bed reactor for kinetic studies
,"
Int J Chem Reactor Eng
, vol.
7
,
2009
.
https://doi.org/10.2202/1542-6580.1730
Google Scholar
 
15.
W.-C.
 
Wang
 and
L.
 
Tao
, "
Bio-jet Fuel Conversio Technologies
,"
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
, pp.
801
–
822
,
2016
.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.016
Google Scholar
 
This content is only available via PDF.
© 2020 Author(s).
2020
Author(s)