The study of inlet flow distortion (hot streaks and entropy waves) propagation through high-pressure turbine (HPT) stages is an open topic for aero-engine design, due to their multiple effects on aerodynamics, heat exchange and noise generation. The request to design compact and lightweight systems has recently led to a reduction of the combustor-turbine axial gap, making the interaction between the HPT and the combustor extremely critical. For this reason, the main aim of the present work is to numerically study how different clocking positions between temperature distortions and stator vanes can affect the evolution of hot streaks and entropy waves. In order to validate the numerical results, experimental data coming from an un-cooled high-pressure gas turbine stage tested at the Laboratorio di Fluidodinamica delle Macchine (LFM) of the Politecnico di Milano (Italy) has been used. The good agreement between numerical results and experimental data confirms the accuracy of the approach based on the CFD TRAF code and suggests recommendations for the design of the following rows.
REFERENCES
1.
D. J.
Dorney
et al, “A Survey of Hot Streak Experiments and Simulations,” in International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines
, Vol. 16
(1
), pp. 1
–16
, (De Gruyter
, 1999
).2.
L.
Pinelli
et al, “On the Numerical Evaluation of Tone Noise Emissions Generated by a Turbine Stage: An In-depth Comparison Among Different Computational Methods
”, in ASME Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea, and Air
, Vol. 2B
: Turbomachinery, pp. V02BT41A002
, doi: (ASME, 2015
).3.
L.
He
et al “Effect of Hot-Streak Counts on Turbine Blade Heat Load and Forcing,” in Journal of Propulsion and Power
, Vol. 23
(6
), pp. 1235
–1241
, (AIAA
, 2007
).4.
W. R.
Hawthorne
, “Rotational Flow through Cascades Part I: The Components of Vorticity,” in The Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics
, Vol. 8
(3
), pp. 266
–279
, (Oxford University Press
, 1955
).5.
B.
Lakshminarayana
and J. H.
Horlock
, “Generalized Expressions for Secondary Vorticity Using Intrinsic Co-ordinates,” in Journal of Fluid Mechanics
, Vol. 59
(1
), pp. 97
–115
, (Cambridge University Press
, 1973
).6.
T. L.
Butler
, O. P.
Sharma
, H. D.
Joslyn
and R. P.
Dring
, “Redistribution of an Inlet Temperature Distortion in an Axial Flow Turbine Stage,” in Journal of Propulsion and Power
, Vol. 5
(1
), pp. 64
–71
, (AIAA
, 1989
).7.
D. J.
Dorney
et al, “Unsteady Analysis of Hot Streak Migration in a Turbine Stage,” in Journal of Propulsion and Power
, Vol. 8
(2
), pp. 520
–529
, (AIAA
, 1992
).8.
B.
Krouthen
and M. B.
Giles
, “Numerical Investigation of Hot Streaks in Turbines,” in Journal of Propulsion and Power
, Vol. 6
(6
), pp. 769
–776
, (AIAA
, 1990
).9.
K.
Zhou
and C.
Zhou
, “Transport Mechanism of Hot Streaks and Wakes in a Turbine Cascade,” in Journal of Propulsion and Power
, Vol. 32
(5
), pp. 1045
–1054
, (AIAA
, 2016
).10.
T.
Shang
and A. H.
Epstein
, “Analysis of Hot Streak Effects on Turbine Rotor Heat Load,” in Journal of Turbomachinery
, Vol. 119
(3
), pp. 544
–553
, (ASME
, 1997
).11.
T.
Lieuwen
and B. T.
Zinn
, “The Role of Equivalence Ratio Oscillations in Driving Combustion Instabilities in Low NOx Gas Turbines,” in Symposium on combustion
, Vol. 27
(2
), pp. 1809
–1816
, (Elsevier
, 1998
).12.
W.
Polifke
et al, “Constructive and Destructive Interference of Acoustic and Entropy Waves in a Premixed Combustor with a Choked Exit
,” in Int. Journal of Acoustics and Vibration
, Vol. 6
(3
), pp. 135
–146
, (2001
).13.
J. G.
Lee
et al, “Measurement of Equivalence Ratio Fluctuation and Its Effect on Heat Release During Unstable Combustion,” in Proceedings of the Combustion Institute
, Vol. 28
(1
), pp. 415
–421
, (Elsevier
, 2000
).14.
A. S.
Morgans
and I.
Duran
, “Entropy Noise: A Review of Theory, Progress and Challenges,” in International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics
, Vol. 8
(4
), pp. 285
–298
, (SAGE
, 2016
).15.
T. C.
Lieuwen
and V.
Yang
, “Combustion Instabilities in Gas Turbine Engines”, (AIAA
, 2005
).16.
H. J.
Lee
, “Combustion Instability Mechanisms in a Lean Premixed Gas Turbine Combustor
”, Phd. thesis, 2009
.17.
L.
He
et al, “Influence of Hot Streak Circumferential Length-Scale in Transonic Turbine Stage,” in ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea and Air
, pp. 1117
–1126
(ASME
, 2004
).18.
D. J.
Dorney
and K.
Gundy-Burlet
, “Hot Streak Clocking Effects in a 1-1/2 Stage Turbine,” in ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition
, pp. V001T01A059
, (ASME
, 1995
).19.
S.
Murari
, et al “CFD Analyses of a Single Stage Turbine With Inlet Hot-Streak at Different Circumferential Locations,” in ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition
, (ASME
, 2013
).20.
D. J.
Dorney
and D. L.
Sondak
, “Effects of Tip Clearance on Hot Streak Migration in a High-Subsonic Single-Stage Turbine,” in Journal of Turbomachinery
, Vol. 122
(4
), pp. 613
–620
, (ASME
, 2000
).21.
P.
Gaetani
et al, “Computational and Experimental Study of Hot Streak Transport Within the First Stage of a Gas Turbine
,” ASME paper
GT2019-91276.22.
A.
Arnone
, “Viscous Analysis of Three–Dimensional Rotor Flow Using a Multigrid Method,” in ASME Journal of Turbomachinery
, Vol. 116
(3
), pp. 435
–445
, (ASME
, 1994
).23.
24.
A.
Arnone
et al, “Integration of Navier–Stokes Equations Using Dual Time Stepping and a Multigrid Method,” in AIAA Journal
, Vol. 33
(6
), pp. 985
–990
, (AIAA
, 1995
).25.
A.
Jameson
, “Time Dependent Calculations Using Multigrid With Applications to Unsteady Flows Past Airfoils and Wings
,” in 10th Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference
, (AIAA
, 1991
).26.
M.
Giovannini
et al, “A Hybrid Parallelization Strategy of a CFD Code for Turbomachinery Applications
,” in 11ᵗʰ European Conference on Turbomachinery Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics
, Madrid
2015
.27.
P.
Gaetani
and G.
Persico
, “Hot Streak Evolution in an Axial High Pressure Turbine Stage,” in International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power
, Vol. 2
(2
), (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
, 2017
).28.
P.
Gaetani
and G.
Persico
, “Transport of Entropy Waves Within a High Pressure Turbine Stage
,” in ASME Journal of Turbomachinery
, Vol. 141
(3
), pp. 031006
–031006-9
, doi: (ASME, 2019
).
This content is only available via PDF.
© 2019 Author(s).
2019
Author(s)
