Sleep is of essential necessity to humans in regard to relaxation, regulation and promoting memory. As technology is swiftly developing, more and more sleep disorders are being classified and recognized. Nearly 100 kinds of sleep/wake disorders have been identified and they mainly fall into four groups: hypersomnia, insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders and parasomnias. The etiology of sleep disorders is complex and involves both genetic and environmental factors. By use of twin studies, pedigree analysis and model organisms, more and more genetic loci increasing susceptibility to sleep disorders are uncovered. In this Review, we describe genetic factors found linking to each type of sleep disorders. As people are gaining more and more knowledge about the genetic factors of sleep disorders, we can hopefully have more meaningful discoveries in this realm in the future.
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