In the quarter century since the US last exploded a nuclear weapon, an extensive research enterprise has maintained the resources and know-how needed to preserve confidence in the country’s stockpile.

1.
The American Presidency Project
, “
The President’s Radio Address, July 3, 1993
,” www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=46803.
2.
GovTrack.us
, “
Text of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994
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3.
See “
Stockpile Numbers, End of Fiscal Years 1962–2015
,” http://open.defense.gov/Portals/23/Documents/frddwg/2015_Tables_UNCLASS.pdf.
4.
See, for example,
S.
Drell
 et al.,
Science Based Stockpile Stewardship (rep. prepared for the US Department of Defense)
, MITRE Corp (November
1994
).
5.
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Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban
” (11 August 1995), video, at the 7:09 minute, www.c-span.org/video/?66686-1/comprehensive-nuclear-test-ban.
6.
Federation of American Scientists
, “
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Safeguards
,” http://fas.org/nuke/control/ctbt/text/ctbsafeguards.htm.
7.
145 Cong. Rec. S24603 (8 October 1999) (letter by
B.
Scowcroft
,
H. A.
Kissinger
,
J.
Deutch
).
8.
For a detailed discussion of the history of inertial confinement fusion
, see
J. H.
Nuckolls
,
Contributions to the Genesis and Progress of ICF
, rep. no. UCRL-BOOK-219136,
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
(
2006
).
9.
B. A.
Remington
,
R. E.
Rudd
,
J. S.
Wark
,
Phys. Plasmas
22
,
090501
(
2015
);
J. E.
Bailey
 et al.,
Nature
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,
56
(
2015
).
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J.
Lindl
,
Phys. Plasmas
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,
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(
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); .
J.
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 et al.,
Phys. Plasmas
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,
020501
(
2014
).
11.
D. S.
Clark
 et al.,
Phys. Plasmas
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,
022703
(
2015
).
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R.
Tommasini
 et al.,
Phys. Plasmas
22
,
056315
(
2015
).
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J. C.
Martz
,
A. J.
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,
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55
(
9
),
19
(
2003
).
14.
R. J.
Hemley
 et al.,
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), MITRE Corp (January
2007
).
15.
A detailed history of the Accelerated Strategic Computing
Initiative is available at https://asc.llnl.gov/content/assets/docs/DeliveringInsightASCI.pdf.
16.
A full discussion of the Life Extension Program is available at
https://nnsa.energy.gov/ourmission/managingthestockpile/ssmp.
17.
J.
Medalia
,
The Reliable Replacement Warhead Program: Background and Current Developments (rep. prepared for the US Congress)
, Congressional Research Service (December 2007).
18.
N.
Augustine
,
R.
Mies
,
Interim Report of the Congressional Advisory Panel on the Governance of the Nuclear Security Enterprise, testimony before the US Senate Committee on Armed Services
, 26 March 2014, www.armed-services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Augustine-Mies_04-09-14.pdf.
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