We have optimized a periodic antireflective nanostructure. The optimal design has a theoretical broadband reflectivity of 0.54% on top of GaInP with an AlInP window layer. Preliminary fabrication attempts have been carried out on top of GaAs substrates. Due to the lack of a window layer, and the need to fine tune the fabrication process, the fabricated nanostructures have a reflectivity of 3.1%, but this is already significantly lower than the theoretical broadband reflectance of standard MgF2/ZnS bilayers (4.5%).

1.
M.
Victoria
,
C.
Domínguez
,
I.
Antón
&
G.
Sala
.
Antireflective coatings for multijunction solar cells under wide-angle ray bundles
.
Optics Express
20
,
8136
8147
(
2012
).
2.
W. H.
Southwell
.
Gradient-index antireflection coatings
.
Optics Letters
8
,
584
586
(
1983
).
3.
E. B.
Grann
,
M. G.
Moharam
&
D. A.
Pommet
.
Optimal design for antireflective tapered two-dimensional subwavelength grating structures
.
Journal of the Optical Society of America A
12
,
333
339
(
1995
).
4.
Z.
Yu
,
A.
Raman
&
S.
Fan
.
Fundamental limit of nanophotonic light trapping in solar cells
.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
107
,
17491
17496
(
2010
).
5.
E. E.
Perl
,
C.-T.
Lin
,
W. E.
McMahon
,
D. J.
Friedman
&
J. E.
Bowers
.
Ultrabroadband and Wide-Angle Hybrid Antireflection Coatings With Nanostructures
.
IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics
4
,
962
967
(
2014
).
6.
S. A.
Boden
&
D. M.
Bagnall
.
Optimization of moth-eye antireflection schemes for silicon solar cells
.
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications
18
,
195
203
(
2010
).
7.
J.
Tommila
,
A.
Aho
,
A.
Tukiainen
,
V.
Polojärvi
,
J.
Salmi
,
T.
Niemi
&
M.
Guina
.
Moth-eye antireflection coating fabricated by nanoimprint lithography on 1 eV dilute nitride solar cell
.
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications
21
,
1158
1162
(
2013
).
8.
K. X.
Wang
,
Z.
Yu
,
V.
Liu
,
Y.
Cui
&
S.
Fan
.
Absorption Enhancement in Ultrathin Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells with Antireflection and Light-Trapping Nanocone Gratings
.
Nano Letters
12
,
1616
1619
(
2012
).
9.
I.
Prieto
,
B.
Galiana
,
P. A.
Postigo
,
C.
Algora
,
L. J.
Martínez
&
I.
Rey-Stolle
.
Enhanced quantum efficiency of Ge solar cells by a two-dimensional photonic crystal nanostructured surface
.
Applied Physics Letters
94
,
191102
(
2009
).
10.
M.
Otto
,
M.
Algasinger
,
H.
Branz
,
B.
Gesemann
,
T.
Gimpel
,
K.
Füchsel
,
T.
Käsebier
,
S.
Kontermann
,
S.
Koynov
,
X.
Li
,
V.
Naumann
,
J.
Oh
,
A. N.
Sprafke
,
J.
Ziegler
,
M.
Zilk
&
R. B.
Wehrspohn
.
Black Silicon Photovoltaics
.
Advanced Optical Materials
3
,
147
164
(
2015
).
11.
J. W.
Leem
,
J. Su
Yu
,
D.-H.
Jun
,
J.
Heo
&
W.-K.
Park
.
Efficiency improvement of III–V GaAs solar cells using biomimetic TiO2 subwavelength structures with wide-angle and broadband antireflection properties
.
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
127
,
43
49
(
2014
).
12.
M.-M.
Hung
,
H.-V.
Han
,
C.-Y.
Hong
,
K.-H.
Hong
,
T.-T.
Yang
,
P.
Yu
,
Y.-R.
Wu
,
H.-Y.
Yeh
&
H.-C.
Huang
.
Compound biomimetic structures for efficiency enhancement of Ga0.5In0.5P/GaAs/Ge triple-junction solar cells
.
Optics Express
22
,
A295
A300
(
2014
).
13.
C.-H.
Sun
,
B. J.
Ho
,
B.
Jiang
&
P.
Jiang
.
Biomimetic subwavelength antireflective gratings on GaAs
.
Optics Letters
33
,
2224
2226
(
2008
).
14.
S. L.
Diedenhofen
,
G.
Grzela
,
E.
Haverkamp
,
G.
Bauhuis
,
J.
Schermer
&
J. G.
Rivas
.
Broadband and omnidirectional anti-reflection layer for III/V multi-junction solar cells
.
Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells
101
,
308
314
(
2012
).
15.
J.
Buencuerpo
,
J. M.
Llorens
,
P.
Zilio
,
W.
Raja
,
J.
Cunha
,
A.
Alabastri
,
R. P.
Zaccaria
,
A.
Martí
&
T.
Versloot
.
Light-trapping in photon enhanced thermionic emitters
.
Optics Express
23
,
A1220
(
2015
).
16.
J.
Buencuerpo
,
J. M.
Llorens
,
M. L.
Dotor
&
J. M.
Ripalda
.
Photon management with nanostructures on concentrator solar cells
.
Applied Physics Letters
103
,
083901
083901
(
2013
).
17.
E. San
Román
,
A.
Vitrey
,
J.
Buencuerpo
,
I.
Prieto
,
J. M.
Llorens
,
A.
García-Martín
,
B.
Alén
,
A.
Chaudhuri
,
A.
Neumann
,
S. R. J.
Brueck
& et al. 
Cloaking of solar cell contacts at the onset of Rayleigh scattering
.
Scientific Reports
6
,
28669
(
2016
).
18.
J.
Buencuerpo
,
J. M.
Llorens
,
M. L.
Dotor
&
J. M.
Ripalda
.
Broadband antireflective nano-cones for tandem solar cells
.
Optics Express
23
,
A322
(
2015
).
19.
S.
Tanemura
,
L.
Miao
,
P.
Jin
,
K.
Kaneko
,
A.
Terai
&
N.
Nabatova-Gabain
.
Optical properties of polycrystalline and epitaxial anatase and rutile TiO2 thin films by rf magnetron sputtering
.
Applied Surface Science
212–213
,
654
660
(
2003
).
20.
J.
Buencuerpo
,
L.
Torne
,
R.
Alvaro
,
J. M.
Llorens
,
M. L.
Dotor
, and
J. M.
Ripalda
, “
Nano-cones for broadband light coupling to high index substrates
”,
Scientific Reports
,
6
,
3868
(
2016
).
21.
C. P.
Fucetola
,
H.
Korre
&
K. K.
Berggren
.
Low-cost interference lithography
.
Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures
27
,
2958
(
2009
).
This content is only available via PDF.