The lack of experimental validation for processes occurring at sub-micron length scales on time scales ranging from nanoseconds to microseconds hinders detonation model development. Particularly, quantification of late-time energy release requires measurement of carbon condensation kinetics behind detonation fronts. A new small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) endstation has been developed for use at The Dynamic Compression Sector to observe carbon condensation during detonation. The endstation and beamline demonstrate unprecedented fidelity; SAXS profiles can be acquired from single x-ray pulses, which in 24-bunch mode are about 80 ps in duration and arrive every 153.4 ns. This paper presents both the current temporal capabilities of this beamline, and the ability to distinguish different carbon condensate morphologies as they form behind detonation fronts. To demonstrate temporal capabilities, three shots acquired during detonation of hexanitrostilbene (HNS) are interleaved to show the evolution of the SAXS in about 50 ns steps. To show fidelity of the SAXS, the scattering from carbon condensates at several hundred nanoseconds varies with explosive: scattering from HNS is consistent with a complex morphology that we assert is associated with sp2 carbon., while Comp B scattering is consistent with soots containing three-dimensional diamond nanoparticles.
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13 January 2017
SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2015: Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter
14–19 June 2015
Tampa Bay, Florida, USA
Research Article|
January 13 2017
Measurement of carbon condensates using small-angle x-ray scattering during detonation of high explosives
T. M. Willey;
1
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550 USA
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M. Bagge-Hansen;
M. Bagge-Hansen
1
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550 USA
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L. Lauderbach;
L. Lauderbach
1
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550 USA
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R. Hodgin;
R. Hodgin
1
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550 USA
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D. Hansen;
D. Hansen
1
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550 USA
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C. May;
C. May
1
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550 USA
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T. van Buuren;
T. van Buuren
1
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550 USA
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D. M. Dattelbaum;
D. M. Dattelbaum
2
Los Alamos National Laboratory
, P.O. Box 1663 Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
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R. L. Gustavsen;
R. L. Gustavsen
2
Los Alamos National Laboratory
, P.O. Box 1663 Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
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E. B. Watkins;
E. B. Watkins
2
Los Alamos National Laboratory
, P.O. Box 1663 Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
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M. A. Firestone;
M. A. Firestone
2
Los Alamos National Laboratory
, P.O. Box 1663 Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
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B. J. Jensen;
B. J. Jensen
2
Los Alamos National Laboratory
, P.O. Box 1663 Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
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T. Graber;
T. Graber
3
Washington State University
, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
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S. Bastea;
S. Bastea
1
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550 USA
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L. Fried
L. Fried
1
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550 USA
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T. M. Willey
1
M. Bagge-Hansen
1
L. Lauderbach
1
R. Hodgin
1
D. Hansen
1
C. May
1
T. van Buuren
1
D. M. Dattelbaum
2
R. L. Gustavsen
2
E. B. Watkins
2
M. A. Firestone
2
B. J. Jensen
2
T. Graber
3
S. Bastea
1
L. Fried
1
1
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA, 94550 USA
2
Los Alamos National Laboratory
, P.O. Box 1663 Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
3
Washington State University
, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
a)
Corresponding author: [email protected]
AIP Conf. Proc. 1793, 030012 (2017)
Citation
T. M. Willey, M. Bagge-Hansen, L. Lauderbach, R. Hodgin, D. Hansen, C. May, T. van Buuren, D. M. Dattelbaum, R. L. Gustavsen, E. B. Watkins, M. A. Firestone, B. J. Jensen, T. Graber, S. Bastea, L. Fried; Measurement of carbon condensates using small-angle x-ray scattering during detonation of high explosives. AIP Conf. Proc. 13 January 2017; 1793 (1): 030012. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4971470
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