Protein profile of breast cancer cell line (T47D) with kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC.) leaf extract treatment

Our previous studies showed that kaffir lime leaf has cytotoxic effect on cervical cancer and neuroblastoma. This was caused by action of bioactive compounds in extract. Bioactive compounds may cause change in metabolism which can be detected by protein profile. Furthermore, dose and exposure duration possibly affect the efficacy of chemoprevention agents. The objective of this study was to determine protein profile of T47D and vero cell after being treated with kaffir lime leaf. We used different exposure duration which was 12 h, 24 h and 48 h. Dose of ethyl acetate extract and chloroform extract were 283 µg · mL⁻¹ and 129 µg · mL⁻¹ respectively, whereas doxorubicin at a dose of 2.5 µg · mL⁻¹ and 5 µg · mL⁻¹ was used as reference. The extracted proteins were separated with SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight of protein was determined by linear regression equation of log protein marker molecule weight to the value of Rf (retention factor). Results showed that difference solvent in extraction yields different bioactive compounds which led to different protein profiles in T47D and vero. Different protein profile possibly caused by change of cell metabolism. T47D protein profile with ethyl acetate extract treatment was inversely proportional to exposure duration. While, T47D under chloroform treatment had steady protein profile without being affected by exposure duration. Furthermore, longer exposure duration caused particular protein bands thicker and diminished in both extracts. The results warrant the further investigation of kaffir lime leaf extracts as chemoprevention agents with less side effect.