This is the first of two papers on solving Stephen Weinberg’s “Central Problem of Cosmology”, that is, determining the dynamical state and metric of the universe. Weinberg considered solving this problem to be a prerequisite to understanding the universe.
This paper presents the observations and the logical arguments leading to a falsification of the expanding universe model. In the second paper, the Hubble redshift is derived and the universe is shown to have a Euclidean (flat) metric based on a wave system theory of the universe.
The falsification of the expanding universe model is based on the discovery that the anomalous dimming of type Ia supernovae is absent in the Hubble redshift diagrams of two sets of brightest cluster galaxies (BCG). Since the light from the supernovae and from the BCG traverses the same space, this logically shows that the anomalous dimming must be specific to supernovae. With this as a clue, it was found that the short duration of a supernova light curve and the Hubble redshift of the light resulted in a broadening of the light curve at the observer. Since this broadening spreads the total luminosity over a longer time period, the apparent luminosity is decreased. This new effect accounts quantitatively for the anomalous dimming of supernovae. Also, it is proved theoretically that BCG are not subject to anomalous dimming.
Since the expanding universe model currently predicts a time‐dilation light curve broadening due to the expansion of the universe, two light curve broadening effects should occur for supernovae. However, only one light curve broadening effect was observed by Goldhaber in his study of the widths of supernovae light curves. Since Goldhaber’s result directly contradicts the prediction of two light curve broadening effects, the expanding universe model is logically falsified.
Finally, because a single light curve broadening effect is consistent with the static universe model, a static universe is hypothesized. The static universe hypothesis is confirmed by Tolman surface brightness tests of the two sets of BCG.
