Severe constraints on possible cosmological models caused by limits on host galaxies

Cosmological models of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) generally place them in normal host galaxies at distances corresponding to a luminosity of $6×1050 erg s−1.$ A strong test of this model is the prediction that bursts with small boxes should have galaxies at around seventeenth magnitude. I have obtained data for 26 of the smallest GRB boxes in the U, B, V, R, I, J, H, and K bands which place the limits on the brightest galaxy in the boxes to be considerably fainter than expected. Detailed analysis shows these data to refute the standard model of cosmological bursts. This lack of host galaxies forces all cosmological models to either (1) place GRBs at distances much greater than is accepted by virtually all current models or (2) explain why GRBs always occur outside of normal host galaxies.