Analysis off the effect of water on tree development by remote sensing and technology of giving drip irrigation to tree root system in vineyards Available to Purchase

Water availability threatens the production, quality and economic viability of grape growing worldwide. This article presents information on water supply for vineyards in mountain and submontane regions, water conservation techniques including irrigation (using rainwater), soil fertility, surveys and local wastewater collection under critical water stress in vineyards. Each of these is briefly described and conclusions are drawn. Climate change projections show warming and drying trends in the coming decades, limiting the sustainability of viticulture. In this context, much research effort has been devoted in recent years to understanding the impact of water stress on grapevine performance. It also reviews the work done using the aforementioned local wastewater collection methods, as well as irrigation recommendations for vineyards on farm hills. In addition, irrigation schedules and other management practices have been tested to mitigate the detrimental effects of water stress on wine production. The current manuscript presents a comprehensive review of the advances in research on water management optimization in vineyards, including the use of new technologies (modeling, remote sensing). In addition, methods for assessing water status in grapevines are summarized. Furthermore, the manuscript will focus on the interactions between water status in grapevines and biotic stressors. Finally, future research perspectives are presented. These include performing multivariate studies that take into account the interactions between water availability and other stressors, developing a cost-effective and easy-to-use tool for assessing water status in grapevines, and studying lesser-known varieties under different soil and climate conditions.