The purpose of this research is to determine the temporal relationship between plant cover, land surface temperature, and air pollution in Dhaka. Land surface temperature (LST) and its association with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) play an important role in environmental research. The goal of this work was to extract Dhaka City’s LST and investigate its temporal correlations with vegetation area. Besides this study also aims to find out relationship between vegetation cover and air pollution. Of all regularly measured air pollutants, PM2.5 is typically recognized as the pollutant with the greatest health impact. It can arise from a variety of natural and man-made sources. Combustion (from car engines, industries, brick kilns, wood and coal burning) and other pollutants interacting in the atmosphere are common sources of PM. Landsat 8 satellite images were obtained from the USGS Earth Explorer website for NDVI and LST research. Land surface temperature and the Normalized difference vegetation index were obtained using the ArcGIS cloud computing platform. Particulate matter (PM2.5) statistics were gathered from the Dhaka-US consulate in Bangladesh from 2016 to 2022. The result showed inverse relationship of land surface temperature and air pollution data with Vegetation cover. The vegetation has decreased significantly from 2016 to 2022. It is noticeable that with the decrease in vegetation area, land surface temperature and PM2.5 have increased. It is also noticed that the winter season has experienced higher value of PM2.5 than summer season and this amount is increasing over time.
REFERENCES
1.
Bechtel
, B.
, Li
, Z.-L.
, Sobrino
, J.
, Song
, X.
, Kellndorfer
, J.
, & Thenkabail
, P.
(2015
). Remote Sens.
7
, 2850
– 2870
. 2.
Begum
, B. A.
, Hopke
, P. K.
, & Markwitz
, A.
(2013
). Air pollution by fine particulate matter in Bangladesh
. Atmospheric Pollution Research
, 4
(1
), 75
–86
. 3.
Choi
, J.
, Fuentes
, M.
, & Reich
, B. J.
(2009
). Spatial–temporal association between fine particulate matter and daily mortality
. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis
, 53
(8
), 2989
–3000
. 4.
Cohen
, A. J.
, Brauer
, M.
, Burnett
, R.
, Anderson
, H. R.
, Frostad
, J.
, Estep
, K.
, Balakrishnan
, K.
, Brunekreef
, B.
, Dandona
, L.
, Dandona
, R.
, Feigin
, V.
, Freedman
, G.
, Hubbell
, B.
, Jobling
, A.
, Kan
, H.
, Knibbs
, L.
, Liu
, Y.
, Martin
, R.
, Morawska
, L.
, & Pope
, C. A.
(2017
). Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015
. The Lancet
, 389
(10082
), 1907
–1918
. 5.
Dewan
, A.
, Kiselev
, G.
, Botje
, D.
, Mahmud
, G. I.
, Bhuian
, Md. H.
, & Hassan
, Q. K.
(2021
). Surface urban heat island intensity in five major cities of Bangladesh: Patterns, drivers and trends
. Sustainable Cities and Society
, 71
, 102926
. 6.
Diener
, A.
, & Mudu
, P.
(2021
). How can vegetation protect us from air pollution? A critical review on green spaces’ mitigation abilities for air-borne particles from a public health perspective - with implications for urban planning
. Science of the Total Environment
, 796
, 148605
. 7.
Dhaka, Bangladesh Population 1950-2019. (
2019
). Macrotrends.net. https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/20119/dhaka/population8.
Environment, U. N. (
2023
, March 20). Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report
. UNEP - UN Environment Programme
. https://www.unep.org/resources/report/climate-change-2023-synthesis-report9.
Estrada
, F.
, Martins
, L. F.
, & Perron
, P.
(2017
). Characterizing and attributing the warming trend in sea and land surface temperatures
. Atmósfera
, 30
(2
), 163
–187
. 10.
Faisal
, A.-A.
-, Kafy, A.- ., Al Rakib, A., Akter, K. S., Jahir, D. Md. A., Sikdar, Md. S., Ashrafi, T. J., Mallik, S., & Rahman, Md. M. (2021
). Assessing and predicting land use/land cover, land surface temperature and urban thermal field variance index using Landsat imagery for Dhaka Metropolitan area
. Environmental Challenges
, 4
, 100192
. 11.
Findell
, K. L.
, Shevliakova
, E.
, Milly
, P. C. D.
, & Stouffer
, R. J.
(2007
). Modeled Impact of Anthropogenic Land Cover Change on Climate
. Journal of Climate
, 20
(14
), 3621
–3634
. 12.
Guha
, S.
, & Govil
, H.
(2020
). An assessment on the relationship between land surface temperature and normalized difference vegetation index
. Environment, Development and Sustainability.
13.
Gupta
, A.
, Moniruzzaman
, M.
, Hande
, A.
, Rousta
, I.
, Olafsson
, H.
, & Mondal
, K. K.
(2020
). Estimation of particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10) concentration and its variation over urban sites in Bangladesh
. SN Applied Sciences
, 2
(12
). 14.
Hajiloo
, F.
, Hamzeh
, S.
, & Gheysari
, M.
(2018
). Impact assessment of meteorological and environmental parameters on PM2.5 concentrations using remote sensing data and GWR analysis (case study of Tehran
). Environmental Science and Pollution Research
, 26
(24
), 24331
–24345
. 15.
Haque
, Md. I.
, & Basak
, R.
(2017
). Land cover change detection using GIS and remote sensing techniques: A spatio-temporal study on Tanguar Haor, Sunamganj, Bangladesh
. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science
, 20
(2
), 251
–263
. 16.
Hossain
, M. L.
, Roy
, S. C.
, Bepari
, M. C.
, & Begum
, B. A.
(2019
). Study of Air Quality at One of the World’s Most Densely Populated City Dhaka and its Suburban Areas
. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences
, 43
(1
), 59
–66
. 17.
Hossain
, Md. A.
, Sultana
, S.
, & Siddiqui
, M. R.
(2022
). Effects of the Nature of Urban Development on Land Surface Temperature (LST) at the Neighbourhood Scale in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
. Environment and Urbanization ASIA
, 097542532211212. 18.
Hossain
, Md. M.
(2019
). Study on Ambient Particulate Matter (PM2.5) with Different Mode of Transportation in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
. American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences
, 1
(4
), 12
–19
. 19.
Hu
, Y.
, Ban
, Y.
, Zhang
, Q.
, Zhang
, X.
, Liu
, J.
, & Zhuang
, D.
(2008
). Spatial—temporal pattern of GIMMS NDVI and its dynamics in Mongolian Plateau.
20.
Imran
, H. M.
, Hossain
, A.
, Islam
, A. K. M. S.
, Rahman
, A.
, Bhuiyan
, M. A. E.
, Paul
, S.
, & Alam
, A.
(2021
). Impact of Land Cover Changes on Land Surface Temperature and Human Thermal Comfort in Dhaka City of Bangladesh
. Earth Systems and Environment
, 5
(3
), 667
–693
. 21.
Islam
, A. M.
, Mohibullah
, A.
, & Paul
, T.
(2017
). Cardiovascular Disease in Bangladesh: A Review
. Bangladesh Heart Journal
, 31
(2
), 80
–99
. 22.
Islam
, M. M.
, Afrin
, S.
, Ahmed
, T.
, & Ali
, M.
(2015
). Meteorological and seasonal influences in ambient air quality parameters of Dhaka city.
23.
Md. Kawser
Alam
, & Majed
, N.
(2022
). Evaluating the Trend of Urban Heat Island Impacted by Land Use in Dhaka City: Toward Sustainable Urban Planning
. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation
, 165
–175
. 24.
Molla
, M. A.-M.
(2021
, April 19). Dhaka hotter in 20 years. The Daily Star.
https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/dhaka-hotter-20-years-207965725.
Rahman
, M. M.
, Begum
, B. A.
, Hopke
, P. K.
, Nahar
, K.
, & Thurston
, G. D.
(2020
). Assessing the PM2.5 impact of biomass combustion in megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh
. Environmental Pollution
, 264
, 114798
. 26.
Rahman
, M. M.
, Mahamud
, S.
, & Thurston
, G. D.
(2019
). Recent spatial gradients and time trends in Dhaka, Bangladesh, air pollution and their human shealth implications
. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association
, 69
(4
), 478
–501
. 27.
Rahman
, M. S.
, Bhuiyan
, S. S.
, Ahmed
, Z.
, Saha
, N.
, & Begum
, B. A.
(2021
). Characterization and source apportionment of elemental species in PM2.5 with especial emphasis on seasonal variation in the capital city “Dhaka”, Bangladesh
. Urban Climate
, 36
, 100804
. 28.
Rana
, Md. M.
, Sulaiman
, N.
, Sivertsen
, B.
, Khan
, M. F.
, & Nasreen
, S.
(2016
). Trends in atmospheric particulate matter in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and the vicinity
. Environmental Science and Pollution Research
, 23
(17
), 17393
–17403
. 29.
Smith
, R.
, & Choudhury
, B. J.
(1990
). On the correlation of indices of vegetation and surface temperature over south-eastern Australia
. International Journal of Remote Sensing
, 11
(11
), 2113
–2120
. 30.
Song
, L.
, Liu
, S.
, Kustas
, W.P.
, Nieto
, H.
, Sun
, L.
, Xu
, Z.
, Xu
, T.
, 2018
. Monitoring and validating spatially and temporally continuous daily evaporation and transpiration at river basin scale
. Rem. Sens. Environ.
219
, 72
–88
.31.
Sobrino
, J. A.
, Jiménez-Muñoz
, J. C.
, & Paolini
, L.
(2004
). Land surface temperature retrieval from LANDSAT TM 5
. Remote Sensing of Environment
, 90
(4
), 434
–440
. 32.
State of Global Air 2017: A Special Report on Global Exposure to Air Pollution and Its Disease Burden | Climate & Clean Air Coalition.
(n.d.). Www.ccacoalition.org. Retrieved November 30, 2023, from https://ccacoalition.org/en/resources/state-global-air-2017-special-report-global-exposure-air-pollution-and-its- disease-burden33.
Sun
, L.
, Sun
, R.
, Li
, X.
, Chen
, H.
, & Zhang
Xue-fen
. (2011
). Estimating Evapotranspiration using Improved Fractional Vegetation Cover and Land Surface Temperature Space
. Journal of Resources and Ecology
, 2
(3
), 225
–231
. 34.
Tasmin
, S.
, Ng
, C. F. S.
, Stickley
, A.
, Md
, N.
, Saroar
, G.
, Yasumoto
, S.
, & Watanabe
, C.
(2019
). Effects of Short-term Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter on the Lung Function of School Children in Dhaka, Bangladesh
. Epidemiology
, 30
, S15
–S23
. 35.
Vlassova
, L.
, Pérez-Cabello
, F.
, Mimbrero
, M.
, Llovería
, R.
, & García-Martín
, A.
(2014
). Analysis of the Relationship between Land Surface Temperature and Wildfire Severity in a Series of Landsat Images
. Remote Sensing
, 6
(7
), 6136
–6162
. 36.
World Health Statistics 2019: Monitoring health for the SDGs.
(2019
). World Health Organization. https://doi.org/entity/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2019/en/index.html37.
World Most Polluted Cities in 2018 - PM2.5 Ranking | AirVisual.
(2018
). Airvisual.com. https://www.airvisual.com/world-most-polluted-cities38.
Wei
, P.
, Xie
, S.
, Huang
, L.
, Liu
, L.
, Tang
, Y.
, Zhang
, Y.
, Wu
, H.
, Xue
, Z.
, & Ren
, D.
(2022
). Spatial interpolation of PM2.5 concentrations during holidays in south-central China considering multiple factors
. Atmospheric Pollution Research
, 13
(7
), 101480
.
This content is only available via PDF.
© 2025 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
2025
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
