This study aims to address the challenges of applying long-range technology (LoRa) in the suburbs of Baghdad, especially in the Abu Ghraib area, to improve agricultural monitoring. The research includes the use of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and MATLAB to simulate it, in addition to OMNeT++ for network modeling, to develop path loss models. Extensive data was collected through field tests for 100 points separated by two meters in different directions in the designated area of Abu Ghraib. This comprehensive data was used to enable the creation of an advanced path loss model, and there was a significant reduction in the root mean square error when analyzing the predicted versus actual numbers. A custom path loss model was created to enhance the accuracy and reliability of LoRa-based wireless sensor networks used to supervise agricultural tasks in remote areas.
REFERENCES
1.
S.
Bhatia
, Z. A.
Jaffery
, S.
Mehfuz
and N.
Goel
, in Handbook of Research on Machine Learning-Enabled IoT for Smart Applications Across Industries
, edited by N.
Goel
and R. K.
Yadav
(IGI Global
, Hershey, PA, USA
, 2023
), pp. 435
–455
.2.
P.
Cihan
, International Conference on Recent Academic Studies
1
(1
), 185
–192
(2023
).3.
J.
Xu
, B.
Gu
and G.
Tian
, Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture
6
, 10
–22
(2022
).4.
B. S.
Chaudhari
, M.
Zennaro
and S.
Borkar
, in Future Internet
(2020
), Vol. 12
.5.
M. A. M.
Almuhaya
, W. A.
Jabbar
, N.
Sulaiman
and S.
Abdulmalek
, in Electronics
(2022
), Vol. 11
.6.
S. M. S,
K.
Rahul
, N. S.
Kurian
, V. H. V and M. A, presented at the 2023 International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT)
, 2023
(unpublished).7.
V. K.
Quy
, N. V.
Hau
, D. V.
Anh
, N. M.
Quy
, N. T.
Ban
, S.
Lanza
, G.
Randazzo
and A.
Muzirafuti
, in Applied Sciences
(2022
), Vol. 12
.8.
A.
Zervopoulos
, A.
Tsipis
, A. G.
Alvanou
, K.
Bezas
, A.
Papamichail
, S.
Vergis
, A.
Stylidou
, G.
Tsoumanis
, V.
Komianos
, G.
Koufoudakis
and K.
Oikonomou
, in Agriculture
(2020
), Vol. 10
.9.
P. D. P.
Adi
, D. A.
Prasetya
, R.
Arifuddin
, A. P.
Sari
, F. S.
Mukti
, V.
Sihombing
, A.
Anjar
, E.
Sagala
, Junita
and G. J.
Yanris
, presented at the 2021 2nd International Conference On Smart Cities, Automation & Intelligent Computing Systems (ICON-SONICS)
, 2021
(unpublished).10.
T. M.
Shami
, A. A.
El-Saleh
, M.
Alswaitti
, Q.
Al-Tashi
, M. A.
Summakieh
and S.
Mirjalili
, IEEE Access
10
, 10031
–10061
(2022
).11.
M. K.
Elmezughi
, T. J.
Afullo
and N. O.
Oyie
, SAIEE Africa Research Journal
112
(1
), 32
–45
(2021
).12.
D. S. K.
Karunasingha
, Information Sciences
585
, 609
–629
(2022
).13.
I.
Marcu
, G.
Suciu
, C.
Bălăceanu
, A.
Vulpe
and A.-M.
Drăgulinescu
, in Sensors
(2020
), Vol. 20
.14.
B.
Erion
, K. A.
Felix
and K. A.
Geophrey
, in Irrigation and Drainage
, edited by S.
Muhammad
and A.
Fiaz
(IntechOpen
, Rijeka
, 2022
), pp. Ch. 13
.15.
R. Madoune
Seye
, B.
Ngom
, B.
Gueye
and M.
Diallo
, 2018 1st International Conference on Smart Cities and Communities (SCCIC)
, 1
–4
(2018
).16.
R.
El Chall
, S.
Lahoud
and M.
El Helou
, IEEE Internet of Things Journal
6
, 2366
–2378
(2019
).17.
G.
Callebaut
and L.
Van der Perre
, IEEE Internet of Things Journal
7
, 1910
–1918
(2020
).18.
H. M.
Jawad
, A. M.
Jawad
, R.
Nordin
, S. K.
Gharghan
, N. F.
Abdullah
, M.
Ismail
and M. J.
Abu-AlShaeer
, IEEE Sensors Journal
20
, 552
–561
(2020
).19.
R. M.
Sandoval
, A. J.
Garcia-Sanchez
and J.
Garcia-Haro
, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics
14
(5
), 2230
–2240
(2018
).20.
R.
Anzum
, M. H.
Habaebi
, M. R.
Islam
, G. P. N.
Hakim
, M. U.
Khandaker
, H.
Osman
, S.
Alamri
and E.
AbdElrahim
, in Sensors
(2022
), Vol. 22
.21.
Y.
Zhang
, C. R.
Anderson
, N.
Michelusi
, D. J.
Love
, K. R.
Baker
and J. V.
Krogmeier
, IEEE Wireless Communications Letters
8
(3
), 901
–904
(2019
).22.
B.
Alfaresi
, T.
Barlian
, F.
Ardianto
and M.
Hurairah
, Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC)
; Vol 1
, No 5
(2020): September (2020
).23.
U. E.
Uyoata
, presented at the 2022 IEEE Nigeria 4th International Conference on Disruptive Technologies for Sustainable Development (NIGERCON)
, 2022
(unpublished).24.
R. O.
Abolade
, D. J.
Akintade
, S. I.
Popoola
, F. A.
Semire
, A. A.
Atayero
and S.
Misra
, presented at the Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2020
, Cham
, 2020
(unpublished).25.
E. E. C.
Igbonoba
, Int. J. Recent Eng. Sci
2
(2021
), 10
–15
(2021
).26.
E. L.
Omoze
and F. O.
Edeko
, Nigerian Journal of Technology
39
(4
), 1216
–1222
(2021
).27.
R.
Zhu
, Z.
Zheng
, H.
Wang
, X.
Zhou
, D.
Liu
and L.
Sun
, presented at the 2023 15th International Conference on Advanced Computational Intelligence (ICACI)
, 2023
(unpublished).28.
H. M.
Jawad
, A. M.
Jawad
, R.
Nordin
, S. K.
Gharghan
, N. F.
Abdullah
, M.
Ismail
and M. J.
Abu-AlShaeer
, IEEE Sensors Journal
20
(1
), 552
–561
(2020
).29.
30.
I. G.
Tsoulos
, A.
Tzallas
, E.
Karvounis
and D.
Tsalikakis
, in Computers
(2023
), Vol. 12
.31.
M.
Saban
, M.
Bekkour
, I.
Amdaouch
, J.
El Gueri
, B. Ait
Ahmed
, M. Z.
Chaari
, J.
Ruiz-Alzola
, A.
Rosado-Muñoz
and O.
Aghzout
, in Sensors
(2023
), Vol. 23
.32.
M.
Anjum
, M. A.
Khan
, S. A.
Hassan
, A.
Mahmood
and M.
Gidlund
, presented at the 2019 15th International Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC)
, 2019
(unpublished).33.
M. A.
Ahmed
, J. L.
Gallardo
, M. D.
Zuniga
, M. A.
Pedraza
, G.
Carvajal
, N.
Jara
and R.
Carvajal
, in Sensors
(2022
), Vol. 22
.34.
A.S.
Kurji
, A.H.
Al-Nakkash
, and O.A.
Hussein
. Lora in a campus: Reliability and stability testing. in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.
2021
. IOP Publishing
.
This content is only available via PDF.
© 2024 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.
2024
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
