There are various choices for designing and constructing earth retaining structures (ERSs). The engineer has to select the appropriate choice of these structures taking into account important factors that impact the right decision. Some of these factors are related to the cost of the selected structures, the function of ERS, the time of working of ERs, the constructability, and the material of ERS itself, as was presented in this systematic review. This paper showed the importance of considering both the direct and indirect costs in the selection of a suitable ERS. It presented the different functions of the ERSs and how these systems can serve more than one function at the same time. Furthermore, it discussed the temporary and permanent service of the ERSs and the properties of the ERSs that affect their work. The factors that influence the construction method and their effects on the selection of the ERSs are also stated. Finally, the materials of ERS itself and their effects on the temporary or permanent use of ERS were also reviewed.
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