In the context of the European Commission’s Digital Education Action Plan (2021-2027) the paper aims to provide an overview of the research regarding the use of digital technologies for teaching and learning and developing appropriate digital competences and skills of primary students and teachers. Its focus is on the analysis of scientific publications in order to explore the development of digital competences and the approaches to teaching, learning, and assessing digital competences in primary education. The research questions are related to defining digital competences of students in primary education, to review and analyze the approaches utilized in teaching, learning and assessment of digital competences in primary education worldwide and particularly in Bulgaria, and to explore the level of primary teachers’ preparation to promote digital competences of their students. A scoping review was conducted for the exploration of these topics through multiple peer-reviewed literature searches in the educational research databases Web of Science and Scopus. A total of 153 publications were included in the analysis. The findings for Bulgaria were similar to those worldwide. The results include a derived definition of digital competences in primary education as a vital element of primary school education, integrated into curricula and pedagogical interactions across all school subjects, although a lack of description of specific dimensions of individual skills at the primary school level was indicated. Digital competences of teachers were also a part of the review and some implications for the factors which influence them as well as teacher training were made. The state of the art of the existing teaching, learning and assessments practices were outlined including the potential pedagogical approaches and digital tools to support the development of digital competence. As a conclusion, some recommendations and implications for future research were made.
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