Spatial analysis of communicable diseases and its prevalence in India: Significance of non-communicable disease (NCD) analysis with environment and climate change – 21^st century – a comprehensive review

Change in environment and climate in parallel with rapid increase in population becomes a greatest health challenge in this 21st century especially in India. Since India is the second largest population in the world, the comprehensive study of communicable diseases along with the impact of non-communicable disease becomes mandatory. In this paper, we have surveyed the various occurrence of communicable disease in India from 19th century till 21st century. It is observed that year by year the prevalence of communicable disease increases spatially. Especially in the 21st century, every year one or the other communicable diseases are prevailed in India either as outbreak or epidemic or pandemic. Not only the communicable diseases but also the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCD) increased spatially in India. The significant annotation is that, apart from COVID’19 the NCDs fatality rate is much higher than the communicable disease throughout the world. In our study, we also found that the environment and the climate change becomes a greatest threat for the diseases. We also studied one prominent reason for the dramatic change in environment and climate is the advancement of technology. So with the same advanced technology, it is high-time to enlighten our research towards exploring the technology to prevent the cause of increase in both communicable and non-communicable diseases spatially in India.