Electric vehicles (EVs) are revolutionizing the modern transportation landscape, offering environmentally sustainable alternatives to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. Central to the propulsion of EVs are electric motors, pivotal in converting electrical energy into kinetic motion. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted realm of electric motors in EVs, encompassing various motor types, their operational principles, and their significance in contemporary transportation. The evolution of electric motor technology has explored, underlining the diverse factors influencing motor efficiency and performance. These factors include intricate design considerations, efficiency enhancement strategies, effective thermal management, and advanced control methodologies. Notably, this abstract elucidates the symbiotic relationship between electric motors and essential ancillary systems like power electronics and energy storage, crucial for optimizing overall vehicle efficiency. As different motor types, such as permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), induction motors (IMs), and switched reluctance motors (SRMs), offer distinct advantages, this paper discusses their merits and suitability for various EV applications. By synthesizing insights from interdisciplinary research endeavors, it captures the strides made in electric motor technology and, also illuminates the promising avenues for future research and innovation, thereby steering the course of electric mobility toward unprecedented sustainability and efficiency.
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