The widespread popularity of electric vehicles has become an important way to reduce environmental pollution and reduce dependence on limited fossil fuels. As a representative of clean energy transportation, Electric vehicles (EVs) play a pivotal role in enhancing air quality and mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions owing to their inherent zero-emission attributes. However, electric vehicles' development has a lot of challenges wait to be addressed, including the rapid development and improvement of charging infrastructure. In the field of electric vehicle charging, the design and performance optimization of fast charging systems are crucial. The performance and availability of these systems directly affect the market competitiveness and user acceptance of electric vehicles. The emergence of fast charging technology has significantly increased the charging speed of electric vehicles, making long-distance driving and daily use more convenient. This not only helps to dispel people's concerns about insufficient range, but also contributes to the widespread acceptance of electric vehicles. This article will delve into the design principles, technical challenges, and performance optimization methods of electric vehicle fast charging systems. In terms of design principles, this article will focus on key points such as power system, battery management, charging connectors, and communication technology. In terms of technical challenges, this article will explore key issues such as improving power density, improving charging efficiency, improving temperature management, and extending battery life. In addition, performance optimization methods will cover adjustments to charging parameters, enhancement of security, and improvement of communication protocols.

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