Bioplastic materials, also known as biodegradable materials made from plant starch, have become one of the alternatives to prevent the accumulation of non-biodegradable plastics. Sago starch material (Metroxylon sp) has been developed for the production of bioplastics. The microstructural properties of Tawaro sago starch (STA) and Tawaroduri sago starch (STB) have been characterized, and it has been found that STA sago starch is superior as a base material for bioplastic production due to its amylose content of 36.49%. The XRD diffractogram revealed the formation of the α-amylose phase, and the elongation of the sago starch (STA) amylose polymer chains (C-O) was confirmed by the absorption band in the range of 1200 – 990 cm−1 for (C-O-C) and (C-O-H) in the sago starch glucosidic ring, with higher intensity compared to Tawaroduri starch (STB) at absorption bands 958 cm−1, 860 cm−1, 771 cm−1, and 715 cm−1. Sago starch (STA) was modified using Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) technique at a temperature of 100℃ with different time variations, and the hand layup method was used to produce four bioplastic specimens. Sago starch (STA) with 0.0% moisture content in specimen D showed a tensile strength value of 0.254 MPa and a strain of 0.247 MPa. The tensile strength increased due to the HMT treatment of sago starch. However, the strain value of specimen D was still relatively rigid. This occurred because the low moisture content in the starch granules was evenly distributed, leading to increased liquid absorption capacity and better distribution of other elements.

1.
B.
Abbas
,
Y.
Renwarin
,
M. H.
Bintoro
,
S.
Sudarsono
,
M.
Surahman
, and
H.
Ehara
, “
Genetic diversity of sago palm in Indonesia based on chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers
,”
Biodiversitas
, vol.
11
, no.
3
, Jun.
2010
, doi: .
2.
M.
Thuwall
,
A.
Boldizar
, and
M.
Rigdahl
, “
Extrusion processing of high amylose potato starch materials
,”
Carbohydr Polym
, vol.
65
, no.
4
, pp.
441
446
, Sep.
2006
, doi: .
3.
T. T. M.
Duyen
,
N. T. M.
Huong
,
N. T. L.
Phi
, and
P.
Van Hung
, “
Physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of mung-bean starches varying amylose contents under citric acid and hydrothermal treatments
,”
Int J Biol Macromol
, vol.
164
, pp.
651
658
, Dec.
2020
, doi: .
4.
X. L.
Wang
,
K. K.
Yang
, and
Y. Z.
Wang
, “
Properties of starch blends with biodegradable polymers
,”
Journal of Macromolecular Science - Polymer Reviews
, vol.
43
, no.
3
, pp.
385
409
, Aug.
2003
, doi: .
5.
H. J.
Chung
,
Q.
Liu
, and
R.
Hoover
, “
Impact of annealing and heat-moisture treatment on rapidly digestible, slowly digestible and resistant starch levels in native and gelatinized corn, pea and lentil starches
,”
Carbohydr Polym
, vol.
75
, no.
3
, pp.
436
447
, Feb.
2009
, doi: .
6.
E. B. M.
Viana
et al, “
Development of starch-based bioplastics of green plantain banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) modified with heat-moisture treatment (HMT
),”
Food Packag Shelf Life
, vol.
31
, p.
100776
, Mar.
2022
, doi: .
7.
F. J.
Polnaya
,
A. A.
Huwae
, and
G.
Tetelepta
, “
Karakteristik Sifat Fisiko-Kimia dan Fungsional Pati Sagu Ihur (Metroxylon sylvestre) Dimodifikasi dengan Hidrolisis Asam
,”
Agritech
, vol.
38
, no.
1
, p.
7
, Jul.
2018
, doi: .
8.
C.
Du
,
F.
Jiang
,
W.
Jiang
,
W.
Ge
, and
S. kui
Du
, “
Physicochemical and structural properties of sago starch
,”
Int J Biol Macromol
, vol.
164
, pp.
1785
1793
, Dec.
2020
, doi: .
9.
E.
Fouladi
and
A. Mohammadi
Nafchi
, “
Effects of acid-hydrolysis and hydroxypropylation on functional properties of sago starch
,”
Int J Biol Macromol
, vol.
68
, pp.
251
257
,
2014
, doi: .
10.
U.
Uthumporn
,
N.
Wahidah
, and
A. A.
Karim
, “Physicochemical properties of starch from sago (Metroxylon Sagu) palm grown in mineral soil at different growth stages,” in
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
,
Institute of Physics Publishing
,
2014
. doi: .
11.
K.
Ponsanti
,
B.
Tangnorawich
,
N.
Ngernyuang
, and
C.
Pechyen
, “
A flower shape-green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with different starch as a reducing agent
,”
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
, vol.
9
, no.
5
, pp.
11003
11012
,
2020
, doi: .
12.
R. M.
Silverstein
,
F. X.
Webster
, and
D. J.
Kiemle
,
Silverstein - Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds
7th ed, Seventh.
New York
:
College of Enviromental Science & Forestry
,
1976
.
13.
R.
Cui
and
C. G.
Oates
, “
The effect of amylose±lipid complex formation on enzyme susceptibility of sago starch
,”
Food Chem
, vol.
65
, pp.
417
425
,
1999
.
14.
J. A.
Adorna
,
R. L.
Ruby
,
V. D.
Dang
,
R. A.
Doong
, and
J. R. S.
Ventura
, “
Biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate/cellulose/calcium carbonate bioplastic composites prepared by heat-assisted solution casting method
,”
J Appl Polym Sci
, vol.
139
, no.
7
, Feb.
2022
, doi: .
15.
Y.
Cahyana
et al, “
Properties Comparison of Oxidized and Heat Moisture Treated (HMT) Starch-Based Biodegradable Films
,”
Polymers
, vol.
15
, no.
9
. MDPI, May 01,
2023
. doi: .
16.
B.
Yaacob
,
M.
Cairul
,
I. M.
Amin
,
H.
Kamaruddin
, and
B. A.
Bakar
, “
Optimization of Reaction Conditions for Carboxymethylated Sago Starch
,”
2011
. [Online]. Available: http://journal.ippi.ac.ir
17.
A.
Azadi
,
S.
Supriyadi
, and
H.
Herawati
, “
Starch Based Biocomposite from Sago (Metroxylon sagu) with Nano-Chitosan reinforcement : Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics
,”
The Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research
, vol.
9
, no.
2
, pp.
98
107
, Aug.
2020
, doi: .
18.
A. K.
Chaudhary
and
R. P.
Vijayakumar
, “
Synthesis of polystyrene/starch/CNT composite and study on its biodegradability
,”
Journal of Polymer Research
, vol.
27
, no.
7
, Jul.
2020
, doi: .
19.
H.
Abral
et al, “
A simple method for improving the properties of the sago starch films prepared by using ultrasonication treatment
,”
Food Hydrocoll
, vol.
93
, pp.
276
283
, Aug.
2019
, doi: .
20.
M.
Rohaya
and
M.
Maskat
, “
Rheological Properties of Different Degree of Pregelatinized Rice Flour Batter
,”
Sains Malaysiana.
vol.
42
(
12
) pp.
1707
1714
, Aug.
2013
,
This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this content.