Friction stir welding (FSW) is a new technique for joining metals and their alloys. FSW can easily join materials that are difficult to join due to defects that occur during joining, such as pores and poor penetration. The demand for higher speeds and energy savings in the transportation sector requires innovative ideas to meet the demands of increased productivity and reduced costs. Materials with high strength-to-weight ratios are gaining popularity due to the increasing need for lightweight construction. FSW has potential applications in many industries. Transportation, rail, aerospace, marine, construction and many other industrial applications. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the effect of tool variables on the FSW domain. In this work, we critically investigated the FSW tool and confirmed the impact of tool variables such as FSW tool geometry, tool materials, and their desirable properties
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