Adopting massive machine type communication (mMTC) as fragment of mobile communication’s Fifth Generation (5G) has boosted the demand for the Internet of Things (IoT). One of the most important components of every IoT device is the sensors. Despite the fact that sensors have a long history, their amalgamation into wireless technologies and rise in demand in applications of IoT has raised their relevance and problems in design, integration, and so on. This study provides a comprehensive (historical and architectural) outline of wireless sensor (WS) nodes, including a traditional definition, examination of distinct modules involved in WS node design, and the methods in which they may be used to monitor the performance of system. A more detailed classification of WS nodes is offered by defining and examining the WS node. Furthermore, the importance of formation of a wireless sensor network (WSN) along with their deploying and communicating protocols, are discussed. The implementation of WS nodes in a variety of scenarios has been considered. Further, presented are the limits and challenges experienced by WS nodes in different settings and throughout the manufacturing process. The most recent advancements, which are projected to supplement the WS nodes in order to satisfy the needs of new systems are discussed.
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