Types of bees that are widely cultivated by the communities in Pati Regency include Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, and Trigona laeviceps bees. Kapok (Ceiba petandra (L.) Gaertn) is a nectar and pollen fountain for honey bees with a flowering period of two three months. This study’s objectives are to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of honey from the nectar of the kapok tree (C. petandra) produced by three species of bees (A. mellifera, A. cerana, and T. laeviceps). A few samples of kapok honey were taken purposively from beekeepers in Telogowungu District, Pati Regency. Variables observed consisted of water content, color, pH, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), acidity, and reducing sugar content of honey. To determine the presence of a group of secondary metabolites, phytochemical tests were carried out. Data analysis is presented descriptively and tabulated. The results of the research showed that all samples of honey from the three species of honey bees had water content above the required of SNI (Indonesian National Standard) 8664-2018, while the levels of reducing sugar, sucrose, HMF, and acidity complied with SNI 2018. Honey from the bee species T. laeviceps and A. mellifera contained saponins as active substances, while A. cerana contained flavonoids and saponins. The high water content is because Humidity in Indonesia ranges from 60 to 90%, so it is difficult to get honey with a water content that is suitable for in accordance with SNI requirements. The high water content causes honey to be effortlessly fermented by Zygosaccharomyces. One way to prevent fermentation is to reduce the water content of honey through a dehumidifier. There are differences in the physicochemical characteristics and types of secondary metabolites of kapok honey from A. cerana, A. mellifera, and T. laeviceps. Kapok honey from the bee type A. cerana had the best quality of A. mellifera and T laeviceps.
REFERENCES
1.
Ichwan
, F.
, Yoza
, D.
and Budiani
, E. S.
Prospek pengembangan budidaya lebah Trigona spp. di sekitar hutan larangan adat Rumbio, Kabupaten Kampar
. Jorn Faperta UR
3
(2
), 1
–10
(2016
).2.
Chapman
, N. C.
, Harrur
, B. A.
, Lim
, J.
, Rinderer
, T. E.
, Alishopp
, M. H.
, Zayed
, M.
and Oldroyd
, B. P.
Hybrid origins of Australian honey bee (Apis mellifera).
Apidologie
47
, 26
–34
(2016
).3.
Widiarti
, A.
and Kuntadi
. Budidaya lebah madu Apis mellifera L. oleh masyarakat pedesaan Kabupaten Pati, Jawa Tengah
. Journal of Forest Research and Nature Conservation
9
, 351
–361
(2012
).4.
Sajjad
, A.
, Ali
, M.
and Saeed
, S.
Yearlong association of Apis dorsata and Apisflorea with flowering plants: planted forest vs. agriculturural landscape
. Sociobiology
64
(1
), 18
–25
(2017
).5.
Gebremariam
, T.
and Brhane
, G.
Determination of quality and adulteration effects of honey from adigrat and its surrounding areas
. Int J. of Tech Enhancements and Emerging. Engineering Research
2
(10
), 2347
–4289
(2014
).6.
Manzoor
, M.
, Mathivanan
, V.
, Nabi
, G. S.
and Mir
, G. M.
Physico-chemical analysis of honey of Apis cerana indica and Apis mellifera from different regions of Anantnag district, Jammu & Kashmir
. Int J. Pharm Sci
5
(3
), 635
–638
(2013
).7.
Nayik
, G. A.
and Nanda
, V.
Physico-chemical, enzymatic, mineral and colour characterization of three different varieties of honey from khasmir valley oflndia with a multivariate approach
. Polish Journal of Food and Nutritions Sciences
65
(2
), 101
–108
(2015
).8.
Buba
, Fatimah
, Gidado
, A.
and Shugaba
, A.
Analysis of biochemical composition of honey sampel from NortEastNigeria
. Journal ofBiochemistry and Analytical Biochemistry
2
(3
), 1
–7
(2013
).9.
Mardhiati
, R.
, Mariyati
, S. A.
, Martianto
, D.
, Madanijah
, S.
and Wibawan
, I. W. T.
Karakteristik dan beberapa kandungan zat gizi pada lima sampel madu yang beredar di supermarket. Gizi Indonesia
. Journal of The Indonesian Nutrion Association
43
(1
), 49
–56
(2020
).10.
Sjamsiah
, R.
, Sikana
, A.
, Rifkah
, A.
and Saleh
. Penentuan sifat fisikokimia madu hutan (Apis dorsata) Sulawesi SeIatan
. Al-Kimia
6
(2
), 185
–193
(2018
).11.
Pramesti
, A.G.
Karakteristik Fisik Madu dari Lebah Apis mellifera, Apis dorsata, Apis cerana dan Trigona spp. [skripsi]. Bogor (ID
): Institut Pertanian Bogor
(2014
).12.
Prabowo
, S.
, Yuliani
, Y.
, Prayitno
, Y. A.
and Lestari
, K.
Penentuan karakteristik fisiko-kimia beberapajenis madu menggunakan metode konvensional dan metode kimia
. Journal of Tropical AgriFood
1
(1
), 66
–73
(2019
).13.
Pavlova
, T.
, Kalevska
, T.
, Dimov
, T.
and Nakov
, G.
Quality characteristics of honey: A Review
. Proceedings ofUniversity ofRuse
, volume 57
, book 10(2
), 31
–37
(2019
).14.
Balkanska
, R.
, Karadjova
, I.
and Ignatova
, M.
Comparative analyses of chemical composition of royal jelly and drone brood
. Bulgarian Chemical Communacion
46
(2
), 412
–416
(2014
).15.
Badan Standarisasi Nasional
. Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 8664-2018. Mutu Madu, Badan Standardisasi Nasional
, Jakarta
, (2018
).16.
Gairola
, A.
, Tiwari
, P.
and Tiwari
, J. K.
Physico-chemical properties of Apis cerana-indica f. honey from Uttarkashi district ofUttarakhand, India
. Jumal Global Biosci
2
(1
), 20
–25
(2013
).17.
Barbone
, J.
Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modem Technique of Plant Analysis (Institut Tekonologi Bandung
, Bandung
, (1996
).18.
AOAC
. Official methods of analysis. Association of official analytical chemists Washington
, DC. USA
(1999
).19.
Miller
, G. L.
Use ofDinitrosalicylic Acid Reagen for Determination of Reducing Sugar
. Analysis Chemistry
(1995
).20.
Eleazu
, C. O.
, Iroaganachi
, M. A
, Eleazu
, K. C.
and Okoronkwo
, J. O.
Determination of the physicochemical composition microbial quality and free radical scavenging activities of some commercially sold honey samples in Aba Nigeria
. The effect of varying colours. Tnt J. of Biomedical Research
4
(1
), 32
–41
(2013
).21.
Apriantini
, A.
, Endrawati
, Y. C.
and Astarin
, Z.
Pengaruh lama waktu penurunan kadar air terhadap kualitas fisikokimia madu kapuk dan madu rambutan
. Jumal llmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Petemakan
10
(2
), 98
–104
(2022
).22.
Radam
, R.
, Rezekiah
, A. G.
and Prihatiningtyas
, E.
Kualitas madu hutan Kecamatan Tabukan Barito Kuala dan kemungkinan pengembangannya
. Jumal Hutan Tropis
4
(2
),180
–186
(2016
).23.
Evahelda
, E.
, Pratama
, F.
, Malahayati
, N.
and Santoso
, B.
Sifat fisik dan kimia madu dari nectar pohon karet di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah, Indonesia
. Agritech
37
(4
), 363
–368
(2017
).24.
Cortez
, P. M.
, Ulloa
, J. A.
, Ulloa
, P. R.
, Rodriguez
, R. R.
and Vazquez
, J. A. R.
Physicochemical characterization of honey from the West region of Mexico
. CyTAjoumal of Food
11
(1
), 7
–13
(2013
).25.
Belay
, A.
, Haki
, G.D.
, Birringer
, M.
, Borek
, H.
, Lee
, Y. C.
, Cho
, C. W.
, Kim
, K. T.
, Bayissa
, B.
, Baye
, K.
and Melaku
, S.
Sugar profil and physico-chemical properties of Ethiopian monotloral honey
. Tnt. J. Food Properties
20
(11
), 2855
–2866
(2016
).26.
Wibowo
, B. A.
, Rivai
, M.
and Tasripan
. Alat uji kualitas madu menggunakan polarimeter dan sensor wama
. Jumal Teknik
5
(1
), 28
–33
(2016
).27.
El Sohaimy
, S. A.
, Masry
, S. H. D.
and Shehata
, M. G.
Physicochemical characteristics of honey from different origins
. Annals of Agricultural Science
60
(2
), 279
–287
(2015
).28.
Minarti
, S.
, Jaya
, F.
and Merlina
, P.A.
Pengaruh masa panen madu lebah pada area tanaman kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) terhadap jumlah produksi kadar air, viskositas dan kadar gula
. Jumal llmu dan Teknologi Hasil Temak
11
(1
), 46
--51
(2016
).29.
Ajeng
, N. P.
, Minarti
, S.
Junus
M.
Perbandingan kadar air dan aktivitas enzim diastase madu lebah Apis mellifera di kawasan penggembalaan mangga (Mangivera indica) dan kawasan penggembalaan karet (Hevea Brasilliensis). [Skripsi] Fakultas Petemakan, Universitas Brawijaya
, Malang
(2014
).30.
Nanda
, P. B.
, Radiati
, L. E
and Rosyidi
, D.
Perbedaan kadar air, glukosa dan fruktosa pada madu karet dan madu sonokeling. Repository Fakultas Petemakan Universitas Brawijaya
. Malang
(2014
).31.
Wulandari
, D. W.
Kualitas madu (keasaman, kadar air, dan kadar gula pereduksi) berdasarkan perbedaan suhu penyimpanan
. Jumal Kimia Riset
2
(1
), 16
--22
(2017
).32.
Harjo
, S. S. T.
, Radiati
, L. E.
and Rosyidi
, D.
Perbandingan madu karet dan madu rambutan berdasarkan kadar air, aktivitas enzim diastase dan hidroximetilfurfural (HMF
). Jumal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Temak
10
(1
), 18
–21
(2015
)33.
Tanuwidjaya
, S. J.
Karakteritik kimia dan organoleptik madu dari lebah Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, Apis dorsata, dan Trigona sp. [Skripsi]. Bogor (ID
), Institut Pertanian Bogor
(2014
).34.
Koesprimadisari
, A. Z.
, Arrisujaya
, D.
and Syafdaningsih
, R.
Uji kandungan hidroksimetilfurfural (HMF) sebagai parameter kualitas madu
. Journal of Natural Sciences.
University of Nusa Bangsa
6
(2
), 44
–51
(2016
).35.
Kesic
, A.
, Cmkic
, A.
, Hodzic
, Z.
and Ibrisimovic
, N.
Effects of botanical origin and ageing on HMF content in bee honey
. Journal of Scientific Research and Report
3
(8
), 1057
–1066
(2014
).36.
Anjana
, F.
, Oktaviani
, R. W.
and Roesyadi
, A.
Studi kinetika dekomposisi glukosa pada temperatur tinggi
. Jumal Teknik Pomits
3
(2
), 2301
–2304
(2014
).37.
Al-Diab
, D.
and Jarkas
, B.
Effect of storage and thermal treatment on the quality of some local brand of honey from Latakia markets
. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies
3
(3
), 328
–334
(2015
).38.
Saefudin
, R.
, Sutriyono
and Saputra
, R. O.
Kualitas madu yang beredar di Kota Bengkulu berdasarkan penilaian konsumen dan uji secara empirik
. Jumal Sain Petemakan Indonesia
9
(1
), 30
–40
(2014
).39.
Khalil
, M. I.
, Moniruzzaman
, M.
, Boukraa
, L.
, Benhanifia
, M.
, Islam
, M.A.
, Islam
, M. N.
, Sulaiman
, S. A.
and Gan
, S. H.
Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Algerian honey
. Molecules
17
(9
), 11199
–11215
(2012
).40.
Arawwawala
, L. D. A. M.
and Hewageegana
, H. G. S. P.
Health benefits and traditional uses of honey: A review
. J. Apither
2
(1
), 9
–14
(2017
).41.
Chua
, L. S.
, Abdul
, R. N.
and Sarmidi
, M. R.
Multi-elemental composition and physical properties of honey samples from Malaysia
. Food Chemistry
135
, 880
–887
(2012
).42.
Maliaentik
, S.
, Yuwono
, S. S.
and Wijayanti
, N.
Optimasi penurunan kadar air madu metode Adsorption Drying dengan response Surface Methodology (RSM
). Jumal Pangan dan Agroindustri
4
(2
), 505
–514
(2016
).43.
Gulfraz
, M.
, Ifftikhar
, F.
, Asif
, S.
, Raja
, G. K.
, Asad
, M. J
, Abbasi
, K.
and Zeenat
, A.
Quality assement and antimicrobial activity of various honey types of Pakistan
. African Journal of Biotechnology
9
(41
), 6902
–6906
(2010
).44.
Kivrak
, T.
, Karaca
, O.
, Balin
, M.
and Karaca
, I.
MicroRNAs Cardiovascular Diseases
. JSM Biomarkers
, 3
(1
)10101, 2
–5
(2017
).45.
Adalina
, Y.
, Heryati
, Y.
and Yuniati
, D.
Quality of kapok honey in some areas of Apis mellifera honey cultivation in Central Java and East Java Province
. TOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science
394
, 012049
(2019
).46.
Savitri
, N. P. T.
, Hastuti
, E. D.
and Suedy
, S. W. A.
Kualitas madu lokal dari beberapa wilayah di Kabupaten Temanggung
. Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi
2
(1
), 58
–66
(2017
).47.
Machado
, A. M.
, Miguel
, M. G.
, Boas
, M. V.
and Figueiredo
. Honey volatiles as a fingerprint for botanical origin: A review on their occurrence on monofloral honey
. Molecules
25
(2
), 374
(2020
).48.
Nolan
, V. C.
, Harrison
, J.
and Cox
, J. A. G.
Review Dissecting the Antimicrobial Composition of Honey
. Antibiotics
8
(251
), 1
–16
(2019
).49.
Yunus
, M.A.
, Abid
, A.
, Sahlan
, S.
, Khairi
, M. T.
, Amirah and Hisham, A. B. Automated honey dehydrator based on optimized drying air heat
. In proceeding of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent Systems (I2CACIS 2019)
, 145
–150
(2020
).50.
da Silvia
, P. M.
, Gauche
, C.
, Gonzaga
, L. V
, Costa
, A. C. O
. and Fett
, R.
Honey: Chemical composition, stability and authenticity
. Food Chemistry
196
, 309
–23
(2015
).51.
Sumantri
, S.
, Budiarti
, A.
and Parameita
, I.
Perbandingan kadar sukrosa dalam madu randu dan madu klengkeng dari peternak lebah dan madu perdagangan di Kota Semarang
. Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi & Farmasi Klinik
10
(1
), 1
–6
(2013
).52.
Al Nahari
A. A. M.
, Almasaudi
S. B.
, El-Ghany
El. S. M. A.
, Barbour
E.
, Al Jaouni
S. K.
, Harakeh
S.
Antimicrobial Activities of Saudi Honey against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Saudi
J. Biol. Sci.
22
(5
),521
–5
(2015
).53.
Rita
, W. S.
Isolasi, identifikasi dan uji aktivitas antibakteri senyawa golongan triterpenoid pada rimpang temu putih
. Jurnal Kimia
4
(1
), 20
–26
(2010
).54.
Sumarlin
, L. O.
, Hadera
, M.
, Chalid
, S.Y.
and Sukandar
, D.
Aktivitas antioksidan kombinasi madu monoflora dengan ekstrak daun Namnam (Cynometra cauliflora L
.). Alchemy: Journal of Chemistry
6
(1
), 10
–17
(2018
).55.
Krisyanella
, K.
, Muslim
, Z.
, Meinisasti
, R.
and Irawan
P.A.
Screening fitokimia dan penetapan potensi madu hutan sebagai agen antibakteri terhadap bakteri Propinibacterium Acne dan Staphylococcus Aureus
. Jurnal Farmasi Higea
13
(1
), 23
–29
(2021
).56.
Yuliati
. Uji efektivitas larutan madu sebagai antibakteri terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosae dengan metode disk diffusion
. Jurnal Profesi Medika
11
(1
), 10
–22
(2017
).57.
Shah
, M. D.
and Hossain
, M.A.
Total flavonoids content and biochemical screening of the leaves of tropical endemic medicinal plant Merremia borneensis.
Arabian Journal Chemistry
7
(6
), 1034
–1038
(2011
).58.
Mahardhika
, C.
Fraksionasi ekstrak kulit petai berpotensi antioksidan [skripsi]
. Bogor (lD): lnstitut Pertanian Bogor
(2013
).59.
Adalina
, Y.
Analisis habitat koloni lebah hutan Apis dorsata dan kualitas madu yang dihasilkan dari Kawasan hutan dengan tujuan khusus (KHDTK) Rantau, Kalimantan Selatan
. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam
15
(1
), 25
–40
(2018
).60.
Ramalhosa
, E. E
, Gomes
, T. T
, Pereira
, A. P
, Dias
, T. T.
and Estevinho
, L. M.
Mead production traditionversus modernity
. Advanced Food Nutrional Research
63
, 101
–118
(2011
).
This content is only available via PDF.
©2024 Authors. Published by AIP Publishing.
2024
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
