Detection of marine oil spill using optical satellite Sentinel-2 image with optimum index factor method over Karawang Waters, West Java Available to Purchase

Oil spill is one of the major and most common problems in the marine environment, especially in exploration and distribution activity. Released oil substance to the environment is usually caused by leakage accidents of oil refinery and vessel waste deliberate disposal. This study aimed to detect oil spill occurrence using Sentinel-2 data and the RGB bands combination was determined by the OIF method. The satellite image used in this study was from July 24th and 29th 2019, obtained from Copernicus. Both images are resampled with Bands 11 as a reference, also Bands 3, 4, 6, 8a, and 11 were subsetted and then extracted the image into a single band image. The single-band raster image was grouped in the same map list to be carried out in the Optimum Index Factor (OIF) calculation. The results of the band combination were applied to the RGB configuration in the Sentinel-2 image for each date. The best combination of Sentinel-2 bands generated from OIF calculation are Band 11, Band 8a, and Band 3 with the OIF score of 178.13 on July 24th and 94.14 on July 29th. Two images from July 2019, exhibited a significant distinction in the reflectance of oil caused by differences in oil thickness and emulsification. The thick oil layer had higher reflectance in SWIR bands, meanwhile, the thin oil film had higher reflectance in visible light bands. Thus, the OIF calculation method conducted to Sentinel-2 image managed to be used for oil spill detection in marine areas.