A large number of dairy industries in Malaysia have disposed extensive quantity of waste, resulting in pollutions. This waste could be the potential feedstock for biodiesel production in the presence of catalyst which is also from organic waste. Eggshell and cow bone contained CaO when calcined at 800℃ that could enhance the biodiesel and decreased the reaction time. Characterization of dairy waste showed that it is suitable for biodiesel due to high FFA (7.95%) and very low water content (0.34%). The FESEM-EDX analysis showed the peaks of Ca and O with traces of Mg in both catalysts. The surface morphology of the eggshell indicated that it has numerous porous structures with rod-like shaped and moderate average pore size (15.33 nm) based on BET results. While for cow bone, the surface structure was like aggregate particles with porous structure and high average pore size (21.61 nm) which could increase the biodiesel production. The transesterification of biodiesel from dairy waste with presence of eggshell and cow bone catalysts would be enhanced due to potential properties of the feedstock and catalysts.
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28 March 2024
GREEN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2021: 5thGCET2021 Proceedings
15 December 2021
Simpang Ampat, Malaysia
Research Article|
March 28 2024
The characterization of dairy scum oil, eggshell and cow bone catalyst to determine the potential for transesterification
Siti Aminah Mohd Johari;
Siti Aminah Mohd Johari
a)
1
Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Tekonologi PETRONAS
, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
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Muhammad Ayoub;
Muhammad Ayoub
b)
1
Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Tekonologi PETRONAS
, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
b)Corresponding author: [email protected]
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Suzana Yusup
Suzana Yusup
c)
2
Generation Unit, Fuel Combustion Section
, TNB Research Sdn. Bhd., No. 1, Lorong Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Penyelidikan, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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AIP Conf. Proc. 2923, 040005 (2024)
Citation
Siti Aminah Mohd Johari, Muhammad Ayoub, Suzana Yusup; The characterization of dairy scum oil, eggshell and cow bone catalyst to determine the potential for transesterification. AIP Conf. Proc. 28 March 2024; 2923 (1): 040005. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0196645
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