In recent times, the interaction between human beings and computers has become an increasing field of research due to its wide application of computational systems. Determination of the current state of human psychological problems, one of the most relevant techniques is emotion recognition. The dynamic behavior of human is crucial for its interpretation. So, Facial emotion recognition (FER) is an important research area for detection the of different facial emotions. In this paper, we proposed an Unconstrained Minimum Average Correlation Energy (UMACE) filter as a classifier for facial emotion recognition. We are applying this proposed method in the CK+ database and it can give a better recognition rate.
Topics
Correlation energy
REFERENCES
1.
Mandryk
, Regan
L.
, and M. Stella
Atkins
. "A fuzzy physiological approach for continuously modeling emotion during interaction with play technologies
." International journal of human-computer studies
65
, pp. 329
–347
, 2007
.2.
Calvo
, Rafael A.
, and Sidney
D’Mello
. "Affect detection: An interdisciplinary review of models, methods, and their applications
." IEEE Transactions on affective computing vol
1
, no. 1
, pp. 18
–37
, 2010
.3.
Xu
, Ya
, and Guang-Yuan
Liu
. "A method of emotion recognition based on ECG signal." In 2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Natural Computing
, vol. 1
, pp. 202
–205
. IEEE
, 2009
.4.
Puri
, Colin
, Leslie
Olson
, Ioannis
Pavlidis
, James
Levine
, and Justin
Starren
. "StressCam: non-contact measurement of users’ emotional states through thermal imaging
." In CHI’05 extended abstracts on Human factors in computing systems
, pp. 1725
–1728
. 2005
.5.
H.
Xu
and K. N. K.
Plataniotis
, “Affect Recognition Using EEG Signal
,” IEEE 14th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing
, pp. 299
–304
, 2012
.6.
Pavlidis
, I.
, et al, ” Monitoring of Periorbital Blood Flow Rate Through Thermal Image Analysis And Its Application To Polygraph Testing”, Proceedings of the 23rd Annual EMBS International Conference
, October 25
–28
, Istanbul, Turkey
2001
.7.
S.
Singh
, A.
Gyaourva
, G.
Bebis
and I.
Pavlidis
, “Infrared and Visible Image Fusion for Face Recognition
”, Proc. SPIE
, vol. 5404
, pp. 585
–596
, Aug. 2004
.8.
S.
Wang
, P.
Shen
, and Z.
Liu
, “Facial Expression Recognition from Infrared Thermal Images Using Temperature Difference by Voting
,” IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cloud Computing and Intelligent Systems
, pp. 94
–98
, 2012
.9.
M. M.
Khan
, M.
Ingleby
and R. D.
Ward
, “Automated Facial Expression Classification and Affect Interpretation Using Infrared Measurement of Facial Skin Temperature Variations
,” ACM Transactions on Autonomous and Adaptive Systems
, vol. 1
, no. 1
, pp. 91
–113
, 2006
.10.
S.
Wang
, S.
He
, Y.
Wu
, M.
He
, and Q.
Ji
, “Fusion of visible and thermal images for facial expression recognition
,” Front. Comput. Sci.
, vol. 8
, no. 2
, pp. 232
–242
, 2014
.11.
Wesley
, Avinash
, Pradeep
Buddharaju
, Robert
Pienta
, and Ioannis
Pavlidis
. "A comparative analysis of thermal and visual modalities for automated facial expression recognition." In International Symposium on Visual Computing
, pp. 51
–60
. Springer
, Berlin, Heidelberg
, 2012
.12.
Basu
, Anushree
, Aurobinda
Routray
, Suprosanna
Shit
, and Alok Kanti
Deb
. "Human emotion recognition from facial thermal image based on fused statistical feature and multi-class SVM." In 2015 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON)
, pp. 1
–5
. IEEE
, 2015
.13.
Byeon
, Young-Hyen
, and Keun-Chang
Kwak
. "Facial expression recognition using 3d convolutional neural network
." International journal of advanced computer science and applications
5
, no. 12
,2014
.14.
Moussa
, Mostafa M.
, Usman
Tariq
, Fares
Al-Shargie
, and Hasan
Al-Nashash
. "Discriminating Fake and Real Smiles using Electroencephalogram Signals with Convolutional Neural Networks
." IEEE Access
2022
.15.
Behzad
, Muzammil
, Xiaobai
Li
, and Guoying
Zhao
. "Disentangling 3D/4D facial affect recognition with faster multi-view transformer
." IEEE Signal Processing Letters
28
: 1913
–1917
, 2021
.16.
Zhang
, Hongli
, Alireza
Jolfaei
, and Mamoun
Alazab
. "A face emotion recognition method using convolutional neural network and image edge computing
." IEEE Access
7
: 159081
–159089
, 2019
.17.
P.
Lucey
, J. F.
Cohn
, T.
Kanade
, J.
Saragih
, Z.
Ambadar
, & I.
Matthews
, “The Extended Cohn Kanade Dataset (CK+): A complete expression dataset for action unit and emotion-specified expression.” Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on CVPRfor Human Communicative Behavior Analysis (CVPR_HB 2010
), San Francisco, USA
, 94
–101
, 2010
.18.
T.
Kanade
, J. F.
Cohn
, & Y.
Tian
“Comprehensive database for facial expression analysis” Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG’oo
), Grenoble, France
, 46
–53
, 2000
.19.
P.
Viola
and M.J.
Jones
, "Robust real-time face detection
," International journal of computer vision
, vol. 57
, no. 2
, pp. 137
–154
, 2004
.20.
Dabhi
, Mehul K.
, and Bhavna K.
Pancholi
. "Face detection system based on Viola-Jones algorithm
." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
5
, no. 4
: 62
–64
, 2016
.21.
Bolme
, David S.
, Bruce A.
Draper
, and J. Ross
Beveridge
. "Average of synthetic exact filters." IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
, pp. 2105
–2112
. IEEE
, 2009
.22.
C. F.
Hester
and D.
Casasent
. “Multivariant technique for multiclass pattern recognition
”. Appl. Opt.
, 19
(11
):1758
–1761
, 1980
.23.
B. V. K. Vijaya
Kumar
. “Minimum-variance synthetic discriminant functions
”. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A
, 3
(10
):1579
–1584
, 1986
.24.
A.
Mahalanobis
, B. V. K. Vijaya
Kumar
, and D.
Casasent
.”Minimum average correlation energy filters
”. Appl. Opt.
, 26
(17
):3633
, 1987
.25.
P.
Refregier
. “Optimal trade-off filters for noise robustness, sharpness of the correlation peak, and Horner efficiency
”. Optics Letters
, 16
:829
–832
, June 1991
.26.
M.
Savvides
and B. V. K. Vijaya
Kumar
. “Efficient design of advanced correlation filters for robust distortion-tolerant face recognition
”. AVSS
, pages 45
–52
, 2003
.27.
B. V. K. Vijaya
Kumar
, A.
Mahalanobis
, S.R.F.
Sims
, J.F.
Epperson
, "Unconstrained correlation filters
," Applied Optics
, vol. 33
, pp. 3751
–3759
, 1994
.28.
Ng
, Chee Kiat
, Marios
Savvides
, and Pradeep K.
Khosla
. "Real-time face verification system on a cell-phone using advanced correlation filters." In Fourth IEEE Workshop on Automatic Identification Advanced Technologies (AutoID’05)
, pp. 57
–62
. Ieee
, 2005
.
This content is only available via PDF.
©2024 Authors. Published by AIP Publishing.
2024
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.