Techno-economic analysis of conversion ICE motorcycle to electric motorcycle in Indonesia

Motorcycle units in Indonesia have reached 84.4% from the total units of vehicles in 2020. This leads to an increasing demand for processed fuel, to which the government covers by importing processed fuel. In 2019, Migas ESDM reported that 7.953.837 barrels of processed fuel were imported to Indonesia that cost around 13.673 million US$. The solution to reduce the increasing processed fuel demand and imported fuel cost is by using electric motorcycles. However, most Indonesians already have internal combustion engine (ICE) motorcycles and are not interested in buying new electric motorcycles where the price is considered as high. This research analyzes the techno-economic analysis of ICE motorcycles conversion into electric motorcycles as a cheaper solution to buying new electric motorcycles. The reduction of imported fuel cost by converting ICE motorcycles into electric motorcycles is also studied. ICE motorcycle conversion was done using Li-NMC Battery 72V 20Ah, 2kW Controller, and Rear Drive Hub BLDC dynamo 2 kW. The targets of conversion are 10-20 years old motorcycle units with good condition. The results showed that the capital cost from the conversion is Rp 20.225.000/Unit, and the operational cost is Rp 2.371.335/Year. The cost of electric charging is Rp 758.853/year that saves Rp 5.341.335/year including the maintenance cost. Converting 100% of ICE motorcycles will result in the saving of 374.481.240 barrels of processed fuel. The implication of this study is to give suggestions on the policy of reducing the imported fuel cost, capital cost, and operational cost to maximize the saved cost through motorcycles conversion.