Friction stir welding (FSW) is regarded as one the energy efficient solid state welding process. FSW is used to produce permanent joints for aluminium alloy, magnesium, copper and many more with numerous advantages over fusion welding processes. It possesses many characteristics which motivates researchers to treasure out the avenues of enhancements in the process. In FSW mechanical and metallurgical changes takes place due to temperature variations during welding. The temperature variations are the main reason of weld quality and weld defects. If the temperature variations can be monitored and record, the weld quality and weld defect can also be controlled to some extent. Infrared thermography (IRT) has become one of the most extensively recognized tools for condition monitoring. It is a real time non-contact type of temperature measurement system. The intention of this is to provide a comprehensive review of the research work undertaken in the field of condition monitoring of welding by infrared thermography. An attempt is made to review the efficacy of Infrared Thermography for Friction Stir Welding so as to understand the relationship between heat generation and weld quality.

1.
R.S.
Mishra
and
Z.Y.
Mab
,
Friction stir welding and processing
,
Materials Science and Engineering R
50
(
2005
), pp.
1
78
2.
Seyed Mahmoud
Bayazid
,
Mahmud Mohamed
Heddad
and
Ibrahim
Cayiroglu
,
A review on friction stir welding, parameters, microstructure, mechanical properties, post weld heat treatment and defects
,
Material Sci & Eng.
2018
;
2
(
4
), pp.
116
126
.
3.
Pratik H
Shah
and
Vishvesh J
Badheka
,
Friction stir welding of aluminium alloys: An overview of experimental findings–Process, variables, development and applications
,
J Materials: Design and Applications
0
(
0
) (
2016
), pp.
1
36
.
4.
S.
Bagavathiappan
,
B.B.
Lahiri
,
T.
Saravanan
,
John
Philip
,
T.
Jayakumar
,
Infrared thermography for condition monitoring–A review
,
Infrared Physics & Technology
60
(
2013
), pp.
35
55
.
5.
R.
Nandan
,
T.
DebRoy
,
H.K.D.H.
Bhadeshia
,
Recent advances in friction-stir welding–Process, weldment structure and properties
,
Progress in Materials Science
53
(
2008
), pp.
980
1023
.
6.
Chao
Hu
and
Xi–Zhang
Chen
,
A Review and Preliminary Experiment on Application of Infrared Thermography in Welding
, DOI: , July
2015
7.
Sreedhar
Unnikrishnakurup
,
C. V.
Krishnamurthy
,
Krishnan
Balasubramaniam
,
Monitoring TIG welding using infrared thermography–simulations and experiments
, ISSN 0033-2097, R. 92 NR 4/
2016
8.
B. A.
Chin
,
N. H.
Madsen
and
J. S.
Goodlink
,
Infrared Thermography for Sensing the Arc Welding Process
,
Supplement to The Welding Journal.
1983
, pp.
227
233
.
9.
Janan
Al-Karawi
,
Application of Infrared Thermography to the Analysis of Welding processes
,
2004
10.
Anna
Runnemalm
and
Anders
Appelgren
,
Automatic inspection of spot welds by thermography
,
2014
11.
Zhili
Feng
,
HsinWang
and
Wei
Zhang
,
Online Weld Quality NDE & Control with IR Thermography, Project ID: LM026
,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
,
2010
12.
P.
Podrzaj
,
B.
Jerman
,
D.
Klobcar
,
Welding Defects at Friction Stir Welding
,
METALURGIJA
54
(
2015
)
2
, pp.
387
389
.
13.
Y.G.
Kima
,
H.
Fujii
,
T.
Tsumura
,
T.
Komazaki
,
K.
Nakata
,
three defect types in friction stir welding of aluminum die casting alloy
,
Materials Science and Engineering A
415
(
2006
), pp.
250
254
.
14.
Kah
,
P.
,
Rajan
,
R.
,
Martikainen
,
J.
, &
Suoranta
,
R.
(
2015
).
Investigation of weld defects in friction-stir welding and fusion welding of aluminium alloys
.
International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
,
10
(
1
),
1
10
.
15.
K.
Kumar
,
Satish V.
Kailas
,
the role of friction stir welding tool on material flow and weld formation
,
Materials Science and Engineering A
485
(
2008
), pp.
367
374
.
16.
Md.
Reza-E-Rabbya
,
Anthony P.
Reynoldsa
,
Effect of tool pin thread forms on friction stir weldability of different aluminum alloys
,
Procedia Engineering
90
(
2014
), pp.
637
642
.
17.
Farley
,
J. M.
,
Thompson
,
J. L.
, &
Dikstra
,
B. J.
,Nondestructive testing to avoid weld failures: a review.
International Conference on Weld Failures
,
The Welding Institute
,
London, England
(
1988
).
18.
Valery E.
Rubtsov
,
Evgeny A.
Kolubaev
,
Sergei Yu.
Tarasov
,
Peter A.
Vasilyev
, and
Vladimir A.
Bakshaev
,
Thermography Inspection of Friction Stir Welding
,
AIP Conference Proceedings
, September
2014
. DOI:
19.
Sattar
Dorafshan
,
Marc
Maguire
and
William
Collins
,
Infrared Thermography for Weld Inspection: Feasibility and Application
,
Infrastructures
2018
.DOI:
20.
S.
Beccari
,
L.
D’Acquisto
,
L.
Fratini
and
C.
Salamone
,
Thermal Characterization of Friction Stir Welded Butt Joints
,
Advanced Materials Research
Vols.
6–8
(
2005
) pp.
583
590
.
21.
P.
Williams
,
M.
Liakat
,
M.M.
Khonsari
,
O.M.
Kabir
,
A thermographic method for remaining fatigue life prediction of welded joints
,
Materials and Design
51
(
2013
), pp.
916
923
.
22.
Application of Thermography in Materials Science and Engineering
, www.intechopen.com,
2012
23.
B.
Venkatraman
,
M.
Menaka
,
M.
Vasudevan
and
Baldev
Raj
, Thermography for Online Detection of Incomplete Penetration and Penetration Depth Estimation,
12th A-PCNDT 2006–Asia-Pacific Conference on NDT
, 5th–10th Nov
2006
,
Auckland, New Zealand
24.
N.P.
Avdelidis
,
T-H.
Gan
,
C.
Ibarra-Castanedo
,
X.P.V.
Maldague
, Infrared thermography as a non-destructive tool for materials characterisation and assessment,
Thermosense: Thermal Infrared Applications XXXIII
,
Orlando, Florida, USA
,
26
28
April
2011
.
25.
T.
Saravanana
,
B.B.
Lahiria
,
K.
Arunmuthua
,
S.
Bagavathiappana
,
A.S.
Sekharb
,
V.P.M.
Pillaib
,
J.
Philipa
,
B.P.C.
Raoa
and
T.
Jayakumara
,
Non-Destructive Evaluation of Friction Stir Welded Joints by X-ray Radiography and Infrared Thermography
,
Procedia Engineering
86
(
2014
), pp.
469
475
.
26.
Carosena
Meola
and
Giovanni M
Carlomagno
,
Recent advances in the use of infrared thermography
,
Meas. Sci. Technol.
15
(
2004
), pp.
R27
R58
.
27.
Lahiri
,
B. B.
,
Bagavathiappan
,
S.
,
Saravanan
,
T.
,
Rajkumar
,
K. V.
,
Kumar
,
A.
,
Philip
,
J.
, &
Jayakumar
,
T.
(
2011
).
Defect detection in weld joints by infrared thermography
.
28.
Igor
Kryukov
,
Michael
Hartmann
,
Stefan
Böhm
,
Malte
Mund
,
Klaus
Dilger
and
Fabian
Fischer
,
Defect Detection in Friction Stir Welding by Online Infrared Thermography
,
Journal of Welding and Joining
(vol.
32
, No.
5
)
2014
.
This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this content.