Walnut shell (WS) was examined to prepare granular activated carbon (WSGAC). The characterizations of (WSGAC) were studied using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Results suggested that WSGAC possessed a porous structure that is rich in carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on its surface that play a significant role in phenol adsorption. The specific surface area of WSGAC was estimated by methylene blue (MB) adsorption, which is equal to 2313.01 m2/g, iodine number 659.906 (mg/g), and (MB) number 728.5 (mg/g). These numbers revealed that it was highly meso and macro-porous. Various adsorption parameters (dosage of WSGAC, contact time, pH and temperature) were tested. The pH of the solution was shown to have a significant impact on adsorption. At pH 3, the most adsorption occurred. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed using Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin models. The data best fitted with the Langmuir isotherm with an adsorption capacity of 2508.86 mg/g and R2=0.9884. Results obtained show that the removal percentage increases as the temperature increases from (81.63%) at 288k to (94.47%) at 343k. The kinetics of phenol adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔGo), (ΔH) and (ΔSo) indicated that phenol adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic.

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