Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is a severe disease which is caused by deposition of fats on the walls of liver and then further leads to liver cirrhosis. The allopathic drugs may leads to severe side effects and hence it is important to have a cure for this disease without any side effects or harmful activity. The Curcumin and zingiberone have shown very good effects in Non alcoholic fatty liver Disease. They work by preventing oxidation or act as antioxidants. The curcumin uses has been proved from very long time ago but use of zingiberone in combination was not established and exact mechanism of action is yet not known. The effect of curcumin on Liver is by Acting on TNF-α sub unit. In this review article, studies which show the efficacy of the curcumin and zingiberone in NAFLD has been compiled.
REFERENCES
1.
Arafa
, H.M.
, 2005
. Curcumin attenuates diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats
. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
, 11
(7
), pp. BR228
–234
.2.
Farzaei
, M.H.
, Zobeiri
, M.
, Parvizi
, F.
, El-Senduny
, F.F.
, Marmouzi
, I.
, Coy-Barrera
, E.
, Naseri
, R.
, Nabavi
, S.M.
, Rahimi
, R.
and Abdollahi
, M.
, 2018
. Curcumin in liver diseases: a systematic review of the cellular mechanisms of oxidative stress and clinical perspective
. Nutrients
, 10
(7
), p. 855
.3.
Isa
, Y.
, Miyakawa
, Y.
, Yanagisawa
, M.
, Goto
, T.
, Kang
, M.S.
, Kawada
, T.
, Morimitsu
, Y.
, Kubota
, K.
and Tsuda
, T.
, 2008
. 6-Shogaol and 6-gingerol, the pungent of ginger, inhibit TNF-α mediated downregulation of adiponectin expression via different mechanisms in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
, 373
(3
), pp. 429
–434
.4.
Nammi
, S.
, Kim
, M.S.
, Gavande
, N.S.
, Li
, G.Q.
and Roufogalis
, B.D.
, 2010
. Regulation of low-density lipoprotein receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase expression by Zingiber officinale in the liver of high-fat diet-fed rats
. Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
, 106
(5
), pp. 389
–395
.5.
Ahmida
, M.H.
and Abuzogaya
, M.H.
, 2009
. The effects of oral administration of green tea and ginger extracts on serum and hepatic lipid content in rats fed a hyperlipidemic diet
. Der Pharmacia Lettre
, 1
(1
), pp. 56
–64
.6.
Mokhtari
, Z.
, Gibson
, D.L.
and Hekmatdoost
, A.
, 2017
. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the gut microbiome, and diet
. Advances in Nutrition
, 8
(2
), pp. 240
–252
.7.
Byrne
, C.D.
and Targher
, G.
, 2015
. NAFLD: a multisystem disease
. Journal of hepatology
, 62
(1
), pp. S47
–S64
.8.
Younossi
, Z.M.
, 2019
. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease–a global public health perspective
. Journal of hepatology
, 70
(3
), pp. 531
–544
.9.
Buzzetti
, E.
, Pinzani
, M.
and Tsochatzis
, E.A.
, 2016
. The multiple-hit pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD
). Metabolism
, 65
(8
), pp. 1038
–1048
.10.
Babu
, P.S.
and Srinivasan
, K.
, 1997
. Hypolipidemic action of curcumin, the active principle of turmeric (Curcuma longa) in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
. Molecular and cellular biochemistry
, 166
(1
), pp. 169
–175
.11.
Sekiya
, K.
, Ohtani
, A.
and Kusano
, S.
, 2004
. Enhancement of insulin sensitivity in adipocytes by ginger
. Biofactors
, 22
(1-4
), pp. 153
–156
.12.
Pyun
, C.W.
, Han
, K.H.
, Hong
, G.E.
and Lee
, C.H.
, 2013
. Effect of curcumin on the increase in hepatic or brain phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide levels in mice after consumption of excessive alcohol
. BioMed research international
, 2013
.13.
Yao
, Q.Y.
, Xu
, B.L.
, Wang
, J.Y.
, Liu
, H.C.
, Zhang
, S.C.
and Tu
, C.T.
, 2012
. Inhibition by curcumin of multiple sites of the transforming growth factor-beta1 signalling pathway ameliorates the progression of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats
. BMC complementary and alternative medicine
, 12
(1
), pp. 1
–11
.14.
Reyes-Gordillo
, K.
, Segovia
, J.
, Shibayama
, M.
, Tsutsumi
, V.
, Vergara
, P.
, Moreno
, M.G.
and Muriel
, P.
, 2008
. Curcumin prevents and reverses cirrhosis induced by bile duct obstruction or CCl4 in rats: role of TGF-β modulation and oxidative stress
. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology
, 22
(4
), pp. 417
–427
.15.
Wanless
, I.R.
and Lentz
, J.S.
, 1990
. Fatty liver hepatitis (steatohepatitis) and obesity: an autopsy study with analysis of risk factors
. Hepatology
, 12
(5
), pp. 1106
–1110
.16.
Lonardo
, A.
, Loria
, P.
, Leonardi
, F.
, Borsatti
, A.
, Neri
, P.
, Pulvirenti
, M.
, Verrone
, A.M.
, Bagni
, A.
, Bertolotti
, M.
, Ganazzi
, D.
and Carulli
, N.
, 2002
. Fasting insulin and uric acid levels but not indices of iron metabolism are independent predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. A case-control study
. Digestive and Liver Disease
, 34
(3
), pp. 204
–211
.17.
Rathore
, S.
, Mukim
, M.
, Sharma
, P.
, Devi
, S.
, Nagar
, J.C.
and Khalid
, M.
, 2020
. Curcumin: A review for health benefits
. Int. J. Res. Rev
, 7
(1
), pp. 273
–290
.18.
Cicero
, A.F.
, Sahebkar
, A.
, Fogacci
, F.
, Bove
, M.
, Giovannini
, M.
and Borghi
, C.
, 2020
. Effects of phytosomal curcumin on anthropometric parameters, insulin resistance, cortisolemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease indices: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
. European Journal of Nutrition
, 59
(2
), pp. 477
–483
.19.
Saberi-Karimian
, M.
, Keshvari
, M.
, Ghayour-Mobarhan
, M.
, Salehizadeh
, L.
, Rahmani
, S.
, Behnam
, B.
, Jamialahmadi
, T.
, Asgary
, S.
and Sahebkar
, A.
, 2020
. Effects of curcuminoids on inflammatory status in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial
. Complementary Therapies in Medicine
, 49
, p. 102322
.20.
Steubl
, D.
, Block
, M.
, Herbst
, V.
, Nockher
, W.A.
, Schlumberger
, W.
, Satanovskij
, R.
, Angermann
, S.
, Hasenau
, A.L.
, Stecher
, L.
, Heemann
, U.
and Renders
, L.
, 2016
. Plasma uromodulin correlates with kidney function and identifies early stages in chronic kidney disease patients
. Medicine
, 95
(10
).21.
Anstee
, Q.M.
and Goldin
, R.D.
, 2006
. Mouse models in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis research
. International journal of experimental pathology
, 87
(1
), pp. 1
–16
.22.
Estes
, C.
, Chan
, H.L.
, Chien
, R.N.
, Chuang
, W.L.
, Fung
, J.
, Goh
, G.B.B.
, Hu
, T.H.
, Huang
, J.F.
, Jang
, B.K.
, Jun
, D.W.
and Kao
, J.H.
, 2020
. Modelling NAFLD disease burden in four Asian regions—2019-2030
. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics
, 51
(8
), pp. 801
–811
.23.
Arienti
, V.
, Aluigi
, L.
, Pretolani
, S.
, Accogli
, E.
, Polimeni
, L.
, Domanico
, A.
and Violi
, F.
, 2012
. Ultrasonography (US) and non-invasive diagnostic methods for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and early vascular damage. Possible application in a population study on the metabolic syndrome (MS
). Internal and emergency medicine
, 7
(3
), pp. 283
–290
.24.
Fan
, J.G.
, Kim
, S.U.
and Wong
, V.W.S.
, 2017
. New trends on obesity and NAFLD in Asia
. Journal of hepatology
, 67
(4
), pp. 862
–873
.25.
Younossi
, Z.M.
, Otgonsuren
, M.
, Venkatesan
, C.
and Mishra
, A.
, 2013
. In patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolically abnormal individuals are at a higher risk for mortality while metabolically normal individuals are not
. Metabolism
, 62
(3
), pp. 352
–360
.26.
Rosso
, C.
, Kazankov
, K.
, Younes
, R.
, Esmaili
, S.
, Marietti
, M.
, Sacco
, M.
, Carli
, F.
, Gaggini
, M.
, Salomone
, F.
, Møller
, H.J.
and Abate
, M.L.
, 2019
. Crosstalk between adipose tissue insulin resistance and liver macrophages in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
. Journal of hepatology
, 71
(5
), pp. 1012
–1021
.27.
Lim
, J.S.
, Mietus-Snyder
, M.
, Valente
, A.
, Schwarz
, J.M.
and Lustig
, R.H.
, 2010
. The role of fructose in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the metabolic syndrome
. Nature reviews Gastroenterology & hepatology
, 7
(5
), pp. 251
–264
.28.
Sookoian
, S.
and Pirola
, C.J.
, 2017
. Genetic predisposition in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
. Clinical and molecular hepatology
, 23
(1
), p. 1
.29.
Wakte
, P.S.
, Sachin
, B.S.
, Patil
, A.A.
, Mohato
, D.M.
, Band
, T.H.
and Shinde
, D.B.
, 2011
. Optimization of microwave, ultra-sonic and supercritical carbon dioxide assisted extraction techniques for curcumin from Curcuma longa
. Separation and purification technology
, 79
(1
), pp. 50
–55
.30.
Pawar
, H.
, Karde
, M.
, Mundle
, N.
, Jadhav
, P.
and Mehra
, K.
, 2014
. Phytochemical evaluation and curcumin content determination of turmeric rhizomes collected from Bhandara District of Maharashtra (India
). Med. Chem
, 4
(8
), pp. 588
–591
.31.
da Silva-Buzanello
, R.A.
, Ferro
, A.C.
, Bona
, E.
, Cardozo-Filho
, L.
, de Araújo
, P.H.H.
, Leimann
, F.V.
and Gonçalves
, O.H.
, 2015
. Validation of an Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) technique for the quantitative determination of curcumin in poly (l-lactic acid) nanoparticles
. Food Chemistry
, 172
, pp. 99
–104
.32.
Tajbakhsh
, S.
, Mohammadi
, K.
, Deilami
, I.
, Zandi
, K.
, Fouladvand
, M.
, Ramedani
, E.
and Asayesh
, G.
, 2008
. Antibacterial activity of indium curcumin and indium diacetylcurcumin
. African Journal of Biotechnology
, 7
(21
).33.
Lyall
, M.J.
, Thomson
, J.P.
, Cartier
, J.
, Ottaviano
, R.
, Kendall
, T.J.
, Meehan
, R.R.
and Drake
, A.J.
, 2020
. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with dynamic changes in DNA hydroxymethylation
. Epigenetics
, 15
(1-2
), pp. 61
–71
.34.
Allam
, A.S.
, Salama
, M.M.
, Nasser
, H.M.
, Kabiel
, W.A.Y.
and Elsayed
, E.H.
, 2020
. Comparison between NAFLD fibrosis score and retinoic acid serum level in NAFLD
. Egyptian Liver Journal
, 10
(1
), pp. 1
–7
.35.
Yao
, Q.Y.
, Xu
, B.L.
, Wang
, J.Y.
, Liu
, H.C.
, Zhang
, S.C.
and Tu
, C.T.
, 2012
. Inhibition by curcumin of multiple sites of the transforming growth factor-beta1 signalling pathway ameliorates the progression of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats
. BMC complementary and alternative medicine
, 12
(1
), pp. 1
–11
.36.
Reyes-Gordillo
, K.
, Segovia
, J.
, Shibayama
, M.
, Tsutsumi
, V.
, Vergara
, P.
, Moreno
, M.G.
and Muriel
, P.
, 2008
. Curcumin prevents and reverses cirrhosis induced by bile duct obstruction or CCl4 in rats: role of TGF-β modulation and oxidative stress
. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology
, 22
(4
), pp. 417
–427
.37.
Arrese
, M.
, Cabrera
, D.
, Kalergis
, A.M.
and Feldstein
, A.E.
, 2016
. Innate immunity and inflammation in NAFLD/NASH
. Digestive diseases and sciences
, 61
(5
), pp. 1294
–1303
.38.
Lonardo
, A.
, Loria
, P.
, Leonardi
, F.
, Borsatti
, A.
, Neri
, P.
, Pulvirenti
, M.
, Verrone
, A.M.
, Bagni
, A.
, Bertolotti
, M.
, Ganazzi
, D.
and Carulli
, N.
, 2002
. Fasting insulin and uric acid levels but not indices of iron metabolism are independent predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. A case-control study
. Digestive and Liver Disease
, 34
(3
), pp. 204
–211
.39.
Salehi
, B.
, Stojanović-Radić
, Z.
, Matejić
, J.
, Sharifi-Rad
, M.
, Kumar
, N.V.A.
, Martins
, N.
and Sharifi-Rad
, J.
, 2019
. The therapeutic potential of curcumin: A review of clinical trials
. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
, 163
, pp. 527
–545
.40.
Pérez-Torres
, I.
, Ruiz-Ramírez
, A.
, Baños
, G.
and El-Hafidi
, M.
, 2013
. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linnaeus (Malvaceae), curcumin and resveratrol as alternative medicinal agents against metabolic syndrome
. Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Formerly Current Medicinal Chemistry-Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents)
, 11
(1
), pp. 25
–37
.41.
Heritage
, M.
, Jaskowski
, L.
, Bridle
, K.
, Campbell
, C.
, Briskey
, D.
, Britton
, L.
, Fletcher
, L.
, Vitetta
, L.
, Subramaniam
, V.N.
and Crawford
, D.
, 2017
. Combination curcumin and vitamin E treatment attenuates diet-induced steatosis in Hfe-/-mice
. World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology
, 8
(2
), p. 67
.42.
Dixon
, W.T.
, 1984
. Simple proton spectroscopic imaging
. Radiology
, 153
(1
), pp. 189
–194
.43.
Hashimoto
, E.
, Taniai
, M.
and Tokushige
, K.
, 2013
. Characteristics and diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH
. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology
, 28
, pp. 64
–70
.44.
Wree
, A.
, Broderick
, L.
, Canbay
, A.
, Hoffman
, H.M.
and Feldstein
, A.E.
, 2013
. From NAFLD to NASH to cirrhosis—new insights into disease mechanisms
. Nature reviews Gastroenterology & hepatology
, 10
(11
), pp. 627
–636
.45.
Angulo
, P.
, 2002
. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
. New England Journal of Medicine
, 346
(16
), pp. 1221
–1231
.46.
Castera
, L.
and Pinzani
, M.
, 2010
. Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis: are we ready?
The Lancet
, 9724
(375
), pp. 1419
–1420
.47.
Schwenzer
, N.F.
, Springer
, F.
, Schraml
, C.
, Stefan
, N.
, Machann
, J.
and Schick
, F.
, 2009
. Non-invasive assessment and quantification of liver steatosis by ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance
. Journal of hepatology
, 51
(3
), pp. 433
–445
.48.
Schiborr
, C.
, Kocher
, A.
, Behnam
, D.
, Jandasek
, J.
, Toelstede
, S.
and Frank
, J.
, 2014
. The oral bioavailability of curcumin from micronized powder and liquid micelles is significantly increased in healthy humans and differs between sexes
. Molecular nutrition & food research
, 58
(3
), pp. 516
–527
.49.
Mohanty
, C.
, Das
, M.
and Sahoo
, S.K.
, 2012
. Sustained wound healing activity of curcumin loaded oleic acid based polymeric bandage in a rat model
. Molecular pharmaceutics
, 9
(10
), pp. 2801
–2811
.50.
Sidhu
, G.S.
, Mani
, H.
, Gaddipati
, J.P.
, Singh
, A.K.
, Seth
, P.
, Banaudha
, K.K.
, Patnaik
, G.K.
and Maheshwari
, R.K.
, 1999
. Curcumin enhances wound healing in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and genetically diabetic mice
. Wound Repair and Regeneration
, 7
(5
), pp. 362
–374
.51.
Angulo
, P.
, 2002
. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
. New England Journal of Medicine
, 346
(16
), pp. 1221
–1231
.52.
Castera
, L.
and Pinzani
, M.
, 2010
. Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis: are we ready?
. The Lancet
, 9724
(375
), pp. 1419
–1420
.53.
Schwenzer
, N.F.
, Springer
, F.
, Schraml
, C.
, Stefan
, N.
, Machann
, J.
and Schick
, F.
, 2009
. Non-invasive assessment and quantification of liver steatosis by ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance
. Journal of hepatology
, 51
(3
), pp. 433
–445
.54.
Qureshi
, K.
, Clements
, R.H.
and Abrams
, G.A.
, 2008
. The utility of the “NAFLD fibrosis score” in morbidly obese subjects with NAFLD
. Obesity surgery
, 18
(3
), pp. 264
–270
.55.
Zelber-Sagi
, S.
, Lotan
, R.
, Shlomai
, A.
, Webb
, M.
, Harrari
, G.
, Buch
, A.
, Kaluski
, D.N.
, Halpern
, Z.
and Oren
, R.
, 2012
. Predictors for incidence and remission of NAFLD in the general population during a seven-year prospective follow-up
. Journal of hepatology
, 56
(5
), pp. 1145
–1151
.56.
Roberts
, E.A.
, 2005
. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children
. Front Biosci
, 10
(23
), pp. 06
–18
.57.
Gorden
, D.L.
, Myers
, D.S.
, Ivanova
, P.T.
, Fahy
, E.
, Maurya
, M.R.
, Gupta
, S.
, Min
, J.
, Spann
, N.J.
, McDonald
, J.G.
, Kelly
, S.L.
and Duan
, J.
, 2015
. Biomarkers of NAFLD progression: a lipidomics approach to an epidemic1 [S]
. Journal of lipid research
, 56
(3
), pp. 722
–736
.58.
Ahmed
, M.H.
and Byrne
, C.D.
, 2007
. Modulation of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) as potential treatments for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD
). Drug discovery today
, 12
(17-18
), pp. 740
–747
.59.
Jazayeri-Tehrani
, S.A.
, Rezayat
, S.M.
, Mansouri
, S.
, Qorbani
, M.
, Alavian
, S.M.
, Daneshi-Maskooni
, M.
and Hosseinzadeh-Attar
, M.J.
, 2019
. Nano-curcumin improves glucose indices, lipids, inflammation, and Nesfatin in overweight and obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial
. Nutrition & metabolism
, 16
(1
), pp. 1
–13
.60.
Wu
, B.
, Xiao
, Z.
, Zhang
, W.
, Chen
, H.
, Liu
, H.
, Pan
, J.
, Cai
, X.
, Liang
, G.
, Zhou
, B.
, Shan
, X.
and Zhang
, Y.
, 2019
. A novel resveratrol-curcumin hybrid, a19, attenuates high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
, 110
, pp. 951
–960
.61.
Saadati
, S.
, Hekmatdoost
, A.
, Hatami
, B.
, Mansour
, A.
, Zahra
, Z.
, Hedayati
, M.
and Sadeghi
, A.
, 2018
. Comparing different non-invasive methods in assessment of the effects of curcumin on hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
. Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench
, 11
(Suppl 1
), p. S8
.62.
Wang
, Y.
, Li
, J.
, Zhuge
, L.
, Su
, D.
, Yang
, M.
, Tao
, S.
and Li
, J.
, 2014
. Comparison between the efficacies of curcumin and puerarin in C57BL/6 mice with steatohepatitis induced by a methionine-and choline-deficient diet
. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
, 7
(3
), pp. 663
–668
.63.
Wei
, Z.
, Liu
, N.
, Tantai
, X.
, Xing
, X.
, Xiao
, C.
, Chen
, L.
and Wang
, J.
, 2019
. The effects of curcumin on the metabolic parameters of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
. Hepatology international
, 13
(3
), pp. 302
–313
.64.
Padmanabhan
, P.
, Jahangeer
, M.A.
, Singh
, K.
, Pugazhenthi
, B.
, Saravanan
, T.R.
and Lalit
, S.P.
, 2013
. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)–Study from western region of Tamil Nadu
. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology
, 3
(1
), pp. S25
–S26
.65.
Basu
, P.
, Shah
, N.J.
, Farhat
, S.
, Siriki
, R.
, Mittimanj
, K.
, Atluri
, S.
and Rahaman
, M.
, 2013
. OC-053 Curcumin, Anti-Oxidant, and Pioglitazone Therapy with Inclusion of Vitamin E in Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-A Randomized open Label Placebo Controlled Clinical Prospective Trial (Captive
). Gut
, 62
(Suppl 1
), pp. A23
–A23
.66.
Li
, B.
, Wang
, L.
, Lu
, Q.
and Da
, W.
, 2016
. Liver injury attenuation by curcumin in a rat NASH model: an Nrf2 activation-mediated effect?
. Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971-)
, 185
(1
), pp. 93
–100
.67.
Chirapongsathorn
, S.
, Jearjesdakul
, J.
, Sanpajit
, T.
and Juthaputthi
, A.
, 2012
, December. Curcumin trend to improve alanine transaminase (ALT) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with abnormal ALT
. In Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
(Vol. 27
, pp. 231
–232
). 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA: WILEY-BLACKWELL.68.
Kunnumakkara
, A.B.
, Bordoloi
, D.
, Padmavathi
, G.
, Monisha
, J.
, Roy
, N.K.
, Prasad
, S.
and Aggarwal
, B.B.
, 2017
. Curcumin, the golden nutraceutical: multitargeting for multiple chronic diseases
. British journal of pharmacology
, 174
(11
), pp. 1325
–1348
.69.
Ganjali
, S.
, Blesso
, C.N.
, Banach
, M.
, Pirro
, M.
, Majeed
, M.
and Sahebkar
, A.
, 2017
. Effects of curcumin on HDL functionality
. Pharmacological research
, 119
, pp. 208
–218
.70.
Deb
, N.
, Majumdar
, P.
and Ghosh
, A.K.
, 2013
. Pharmacognostic and phytochemical evaluation of the rhizomes of Curcuma longa Linn
. Journal of PharmaSciTech
, 2
(2
), pp. 81
–86
.71.
He
, X.G.
, Lin
, L.Z.
, Lian
, L.Z.
and Lindenmaier
, M.
, 1998
. Liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometric analysis of curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids in turmeric (Curcuma longa
). Journal of Chromatography A
, 818
(1
), pp. 127
–132
.72.
Mahady
, G.B.
, Pendland
, S.L.
, Yun
, G.
and Lu
, Z.Z.
, 2002
. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and curcumin inhibit the growth of Helicobacter pylori, a group 1 carcinogen
. Anticancer research
, 22
(6C
), pp. 4179
–4181
.73.
Arafa
, H.M.
, 2005
. Curcumin attenuates diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats
. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research
, 11
(7
), pp. BR228
–234
.74.
Bright
, J.J.
, 2007
. Curcumin and autoimmune disease
. The Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Uses of Curcumin in Health and Disease
, pp. 425
–451
.75.
Hanai
, H.
, Iida
, T.
, Takeuchi
, K.
, Watanabe
, F.
, Maruyama
, Y.
, Andoh
, A.
, Tsujikawa
, T.
, Fujiyama
, Y.
, Mitsuyama
, K.
, Sata
, M.
and Yamada
, M.
, 2006
. Curcumin maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis: randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
, 4
(12
), pp. 1502
–1506
.76.
Ravindran
, J.
, Prasad
, S.
and Aggarwal
, B.B.
, 2009
. Curcumin and cancer cells: how many ways can curry kill tumor cells selectively?
. The AAPS journal
, 11
(3
), pp. 495
–510
.77.
Miriyala
, S.
, Panchatcharam
, M.
and Rengarajulu
, P.
, 2007
. Cardioprotective effects of curcumin
. The molecular targets and therapeutic uses of curcumin in health and disease
, pp. 359
–377
.78.
Rao
, C.V.
, Rivenson
, A.
, Simi
, B.
and Reddy
, B.S.
, 1995
. Chemoprevention of colon carcinogenesis by dietary curcumin, a naturally occurring plant phenolic compound
. Cancer research
, 55
(2
), pp. 259
–266
.79.
Mukhopadhyay
, A.
, Basu
, N.
, Ghatak
, N.
and Gujral
, P.K.
, 1982
. Anti-inflammatory and irritant activities of curcumin analogues in rats
. Agents and actions
, 12
(4
), pp. 508
–515
.80.
Rodriguez
, J.C.
, Santibanez
, D.
, Narayanan
, S.
and Dave
, A.
, 2008
. Ginger and curcumin in cancer prevention and health promotion
. Bot. Med. Clin. Pract
, 321
.
This content is only available via PDF.
©2023 Authors. Published by AIP Publishing.
2023
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.
