Cities have an urban townscape with urban and social characteristics that define and highlight the personality and identity of each city. Based on the reading and analysis of some previous studies, this research aims to provide a platform for building a knowledge base on the concept of the urban townscape, which is a critical aspect of the urban environment, highlighting the dynamism of apparent and latent systems as well as upgrading the urban townscape in those cities to achieve compatibility between the whole and the part and to move from separation to integration in the urban townscape. The study adopts a qualitative approach due to its exploratory nature. Previous studies dealt with the concept of the townscape in the urban environment.

1.
M.
Carmona
,
T.
Heath
,
T.
Qc
and
S.
Tiesdell
,
PUBLIC PLACES - URBAN SPACES,”
London
:
Architectuer press
,
2003
.
2.
Odeh
,
Mohsen Jabbar
, “
The Urban Townscape of the City Center and Contemporary Intellectual Trends - An Analytical Study of the City Center
,” Master’s Thesis - Specialization in Urban Design, Department of Architecture at the University of Technology, 2007.
M. P.
Brown
and
K.
Austin
,
Appl. Phys. Letters
85
,
2503
2504
(
2004
).
3.
Al-Tufaili
,
Hamad
,
A Dictionary of Geographical Terms,”
Beirut
,
2002
4.
Relph
,
Edward
,
The Modern Urban Townscape,”
London
:
Routledge Taylor & Francis Group
,
2016
.
5.
Eames
,
Edwin
and others, “Anthropology of the City,”
Prentice Hall
,
New Jersey
,
1977
.
6.
Spreiregen
,
Urban Design: “The Architecture of Towns and Cities,”
New York
,
1965
.
7.
Terry Nichols
Clark
,
Current Debates in Urban Theory from a Scale Perspective: Introducing a townscapes Approach,”
2018
.
8.
R.
Keshtkaran
,
Urban townscape: A review of key concepts and main purposes,”
2019
.
9.
Lynch
,
Kevin
,
The Image of the City,”
Cambridge MASS
:
MIT Press
,
1960
.
10.
Cullen
,
Gordon
,
The Concise Townscape,”
Architectural Press
,
London
,
1971
.
11.
A.
Rapoport
,
Human aspects of urban form: towards a man environment approach to urban form and design,”
1977
.
12.
Smith
,
peter
The Syntax of Cities,”
1977
.
13.
Hillier
,
Bill
,
Space Syntax,”
2000
.
14.
Erik
Learned-Miller
,
Self-Supervised Relative Depth Learning for Urban townscape understanding,”
2018
.
15.
Jassim
,
Muhammad
,
Awad
,
A Study in the Meaning of the Urban Townscape,”
2006
.
16.
Al-Kinani
,
Amer Shaker
Khudair
,
The Urban and Visual Formation of the City, Study Area, Baladruz City,”
2012
.
17.
Handal
,
Samar Kazem
,
The Impact of the Public Good on the Urban Townscape of the Contemporary City,”
2020
.
18.
Taher
,
Saif Muhammad
,
The Urban townscape and Meaning,”
Baghdad
,
2004
.
19.
Hamza
,
Malak Jamal
,
The Energy of Place and the Drama of the Urban Townscape in Iraqi Cities,”
2019
.
This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this content.