Evaluation of the economic component of oil crops cultivation in the conditions of the Omsk region

The increased demand and high price of oil crops, and the need for diversity in crop rotations, which are overloaded with cereals, are contributing to an increase in the crop acreage of oil crops. For stable development of plant production, it is necessary to increase the presence of highly profitable oil crops in the sowing structure, which will allow raising the incomes of agricultural enterprises, and rationally distribute the time of field work and workload of equipment. In 2019–2021, at the Siberian experimental station of VNIIMK, we conducted the analysis of the efficiency of oil crops cultivation in the Omsk region concerning the economic and agrotechnical conditions. The research results have shown that increasing the share of oil crops in the sowing structure allows better use of the agroclimatic potential of different zones of the Omsk region. The practical value of the work consists in economically justified recommendations for farmers on the zonal expansion of crop acreage of oil crops: sunflower, rapeseed, and oil flax – in steppe and southern forest-steppe zones, and turnip rape and false flax in northern areas of the region. According to Siberian breeders, in the conditions of the Omsk region modern varieties of oil crops are able to form the yield of not less than 1.8-2.2 t/ha, and in favorable years – up to 2.8-3.0 t/ha. The analysis has shown that the profitability of oil crops is higher than that of cereals, including wheat. In 2021-2022, the highest profitability among oil crops is obtained in the production of oil flax – 325% and spring rapeseed – 272%.