Gaming disorder was one of the negative consequences of the excessive use of video games. Many factors contribute to the development of gaming disorder. Two important factors that may lead to gaming disorder were motivation to play games and game structural characteristics. This study aims to investigate the influence of gaming motivation and game structural characteristics on gaming disorder among Indonesian gamers. As many as 924 gamers with a mean age of 21.38 years old (SD=1.979) participated in the survey. Gaming motivations were assessed using the Motivation for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ), while game structural characteristics were assessed using the Video Game Feature Taxonomy (VGFT). The nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short Form (IGDS9-SF) was used to measure gaming disorder. Descriptive statistics showed that social motivation had the highest mean score, while for game features, punishment features had the highest mean score. Hierarchical regression analysis was employed to find the correlation between gaming motivation, game structural characteristics, and gaming disorder. The result showed that social motivation and reward features significantly predicted gaming disorder. The mechanism of how these variables contribute to the development of addiction was discussed.

Topics
Regression analysis, Descriptive statistics
3.
T.
 
Espiner
,
BBC News
, Https//Www.Bbc.Com/News/Business-54813841 (
2020
).
6.
M.V.
 
Shrestha
,
N.
 
Manandhar
,
S.C.
 
Sharma
, and
S.K.
 
Joshi
,
Kathmandu Univ. Med. J.
 
18
,
48
(
2020
).
https://doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v18i2.32956
Crossref
Search ADS
 
7.
Y.P.S.
 
Balhara
,
D.
 
Kattula
,
S.
 
Singh
,
S.
 
Chukkali
, and
R.
 
Bhargava
,
Indian J. Public Health
 
64
,
S172
(
2020
).
https://doi.org/10.4103/ijph.IJPH_465_20
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
8.
C.H.
 
Ko
 and
J.Y.
 
Yen
,
J. Behav. Addict.
 
9
,
187
(
2020
).
https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00040
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
9.
D.L.
 
King
,
P.H.
 
Delfabbro
,
J.
 
Billieux
, and
M.N.
 
Potenza
,
J. Behav. Addict.
 
9
,
184
(
2020
).
https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00016
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
10.
World Health Organization
,
World Heal. Organ.
(
2018
).
11.
D.
 
Columb
,
M.D.
 
Griffiths
, and
C.
 
O’Gara
,
Ir. J. Psychol. Med.
 
1
(
2019
).
12.
D.J.
 
Kuss
 and
M.D.
 
Griffiths
,
Int. J. Ment. Health Addict.
 
10
,
278
(
2012
).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-011-9318-5
Crossref
Search ADS
 
13.
D.J.
 
Kuss
,
J.
 
Louws
, and
R.W.
 
Wiers
,
Cyberpsychology, Behav. Soc. Netw.
 
15
,
480
(
2012
).
https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0034
Crossref
Search ADS
 
14.
O.
 
Király
,
K.
 
Nagygyörgy
,
M.D.
 
Griffiths
, and
Z.
 
Demetrovics
, in
Behav. Addict. Criteria, Evidence, Treat.
(
Elsevier
,
2014
), pp.
61
–
97
.
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
15.
J.
 
Kneer
 and
D.
 
Rieger
,
Behav. Sci. (Basel)
.
5
,
203
(
2015
).
https://doi.org/10.3390/bs5020203
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
16.
Z.
 
Demetrovics
,
R.
 
Urbán
,
K.
 
Nagygyörgy
,
J.
 
Farkas
,
D.
 
Zilahy
,
B.
 
Mervó
,
A.
 
Reindl
,
C.
 
Ágoston
,
A.
 
Kertész
, and
E.
 
Harmath
,
Behav. Res. Methods
 
43
,
814
(
2011
).
https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-011-0091-y
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
17.
N.
 
Yee
,
Cyberpsychology Behav.
 
9
,
772
(
2006
).
https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.772
Crossref
Search ADS
 
18.
N.
 
Yee
,
Presence
 
15
,
309
(
2006
).
https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.15.3.309
Crossref
Search ADS
 
19.
S.
 
Laconi
,
S.
 
Pires
, and
H.
 
Chabrol
,
Comput. Human Behav.
 
75
,
652
(
2017
).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.012
Crossref
Search ADS
 
20.
A.M.S.
 
Wu
,
M.H.C.
 
Lai
,
S.
 
Yu
,
J.T.F.
 
Lau
, and
M.W.
 
Lei
,
J. Behav. Addict.
 
6
,
11
(
2017
).
https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.007
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
21.
F. Zanetta
 
Dauriat
,
A.
 
Zermatten
,
J.
 
Billieux
,
G.
 
Thorens
,
G.
 
Bondolfi
,
D.
 
Zullino
, and
Y.
 
Khazaal
,
Eur. Addict. Res.
 
17
,
185
(
2011
).
https://doi.org/10.1159/000326070
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
22.
A.P.
 
Doan
 and
B.
 
Strickland
,
Hooked on Games: The Lure and Cost of Video Game and Internet Addiction
(
F.E.P. International, Inc
.,
2012
).
Google Scholar
 
23.
N.
 
Eyal
,
Hooked: How to Build Habit-Forming Products
(
Penguin Group (USA) LLC
,
New York
,
2014
).
Google Scholar
 
24.
A.
 
Alter
,
Irresistible: The Rise of Addictive Technology and the Business of Keeping Us Hooked
(
Penguin Group (USA) LLC
,
2017
).
Google Scholar
 
25.
P.
 
Berthon
,
L.
 
Pitt
, and
C.
 
Campbell
,
J. Public Policy Mark.
 
38
,
451
(
2019
).
https://doi.org/10.1177/0743915619859852
Crossref
Search ADS
 
26.
D.
 
King
,
P.
 
Delfabbro
, and
M.
 
Griffiths
,
Int. J. Ment. Heal. Addict.
 
8
,
90
(
2010
).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-009-9206-4
Crossref
Search ADS
 
27.
D.A.
 
Laffan
,
J.
 
Greaney
,
H.
 
Barton
, and
L.K.
 
Kaye
,
Comput. Human Behav.
 
65
,
544
(
2016
).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.09.004
Crossref
Search ADS
 
28.
D.L.
 
King
,
P.H.
 
Delfabbro
, and
M.D.
 
Griffiths
,
Int. J. Ment. Heal. Addict.
 
9
,
320
(
2011
).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-010-9289-y
Crossref
Search ADS
 
29.
D.C.
 
Hull
,
G.A.
 
Williams
, and
M.D.
 
Griffiths
,
J. Behav. Addict.
 
2
,
145
(
2013
).
https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.2.2013.005
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
31.
H.M.
 
Pontes
 and
M.D.
 
Griffiths
,
Comput. Human Behav.
 
45
,
137
(
2015
).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.006
Crossref
Search ADS
 
32.
D.L.
 
King
,
S.R.
 
Chamberlain
,
N.
 
Carragher
,
J.
 
Billieux
,
D.
 
Stein
,
K.
 
Mueller
,
M.N.
 
Potenza
,
H.J.
 
Rumpf
,
J.
 
Saunders
,
V.
 
Starcevic
,
Z.
 
Demetrovics
,
M.
 
Brand
,
H.K.
 
Lee
,
M.
 
Spada
,
K.
 
Lindenberg
,
A.M.S.
 
Wu
,
T.
 
Lemenager
,
S.
 
Pallesen
,
S.
 
Achab
,
M.
 
Kyrios
,
S.
 
Higuchi
,
N.A.
 
Fineberg
, and
P.H.
 
Delfabbro
,
Clin. Psychol. Rev.
 
77
,
101831
(
2020
).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101831
Crossref
Search ADS
PubMed
 
33.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
, Fifth (
American Psychiatric Publishing
,
Arlington, VA
,
2013
).
34.
L.
 
Qin
,
L.
 
Cheng
,
M.
 
Hu
,
Q.
 
Liu
,
J.
 
Tong
,
W.
 
Hao
,
T.
 
Luo
, and
Y.
 
Liao
,
Front. Psychiatry
 
11
,
1
(
2020
).
PubMed
 
35.
F.
 
Rehbein
,
D.L.
 
King
,
A.
 
Staudt
,
T.
 
Hayer
, and
H.J.
 
Rumpf
,
Curr. Addict. Reports
(
2021
).
36.
J.
 
Chumbley
 and
M.
 
Griffiths
,
Cyberpsychology Behav.
 
9
,
308
(
2006
).
https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.308
Crossref
Search ADS
 
37.
B.N.
 
Craighead
,
The Dynamics of Rewards and Punishments in Video Games: A Content Analysis
,
UC Santa Barbara
,
2016
.
Google Scholar
 
38.
C.
 
Klemm
 and
W.
 
Pieters
,
Ethics Inf. Technol.
 
19
,
81
(
2017
).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-017-9416-6
Crossref
Search ADS
 
39.
D.
 
Johnson
,
M.
 
Klarkowski
,
K.
 
Vella
,
C.
 
Phillips
,
M.
 
McEwan
, and
C.N.
 
Watling
,
Comput. Human Behav.
 
87
,
66
(
2018
).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.025
Crossref
Search ADS
 
40.
S.H.
 
Hsu
,
M.H.
 
Wen
, and
M.C.
 
Wu
,
Comput. Educ.
 
53
,
990
(
2009
).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.05.016
Crossref
Search ADS
 
41.
L.
 
Blinka
 and
J.
 
Mikuška
,
Cyberpsychology
 
8
, (
2014
).
https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2014-2-6
42.
R.
 
Kraut
,
S.
 
Kiesler
,
B.
 
Boneva
,
J.
 
Cummings
,
V.
 
Helgeson
, and
A.
 
Crawford
,
J. Soc. Issues
 
58
,
49
(
2002
).
https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-4560.00248
Crossref
Search ADS
 
43.
N.
 
Ducheneaut
,
N.
 
Yee
,
E.
 
Nickell
, and
R.J.
 
Moore
,
Conf. Hum. Factors Comput. Syst. - Proc.
 
1
,
407
(
2006
).
44.
H.
 
Cole
 and
M.D.
 
Griffiths
,
Cyberpsychology Behav.
 
10
,
575
(
2007
).
https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.9988
Crossref
Search ADS
 
45.
M.C.
 
Haagsma
,
M.E.
 
Pieterse
,
O.
 
Peters
, and
D.L.
 
King
,
Int. J. Ment. Health Addict.
 
11
,
441
(
2013
).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-013-9427-4
Crossref
Search ADS
 
46.
D.C.
 
McClelland
,
The Achieving Society
(
Pickle Partners Publishing
,
1961
).
Google Scholar
Crossref
Search ADS
 
This content is only available via PDF.
© 2023 Author(s).
2023
Author(s)
You do not currently have access to this content.