Cognitive Radio has newly rising as primary approach to improve spectrum efficiency by means of developing spectrum based method that might consistently examine secondary user’s behaviors or actions. Spectrum sensing and spectrum handoff are the great significant functionality of cognitive radio to examine and discover its adjacent radio surroundings. In this paper, we reviewed several papers based on spectrum sensing and spectrum handoff in wireless networks. Moreover, techniques of spectrum handoff namely proactive and reactive are discussed along with QoS characteristics.
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