Hydrodeoxygenation of crude palm oil into biogasoline with composite catalyst bentonite cobalt nitride

The catalyst was synthesized using natural Bentonite which was modified using cobalt nitride metal with five variations of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mEq/g. Bentonite modification is carried out by means of screening which aims to increase the catalytic activity as well as the physical and chemical properties of the catalyst. Bentonite-CoN catalyst is applied in the manufacture of bio gasoline using CPO as raw material. The best catalyst is the catalyst that produces the highest gasoline product seen from the area in the GC-MS analysis, then the best catalyst is characterized using acidity value analysis, XRD, FTIR and SEM-EDS. The initial stage of screening the bentonite was carried out with Na-Bentonite preparation. To open the bentonite layer the success of the preparation was determined by comparing the CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity) value of natural bentonite and Na-bentonite. The CEC value of Na-bentonite showed a higher yield of 279.15, while the CEC value of natural bentonite was 165.85. The greater the CEC value, the greater the distance between the exposed bentonite layers, indicated by the swelling property. XRD results showed that the pilarization process was successful because of a 2θ angle shift from 19.75° to 20.12°. FTIR spectra showed the presence of a Co=O group at 984 cm⁻¹ wave number. SEM-EDS results showed changes in morphology and elemental composition. The morphology of Bentonite-CoN has larger particles, whereas in Na-bentonite the structure is multilayered. The presence of Co and N elements detected by EDS further confirms that the pilarization was successful. The best catalyst in this study was Bentonite-CoN 6 mEq / g because it has the highest catalytic activity so that it can produce the most biogasoline products, which is 21.55%.