The effect of Trichoderma harzianum-fermented biourin on Fusarium wilt disease, growth and yield of three varieties of shallot

Shallots have long been a popular vegetable crop among farmers. However, owing to the prevalence of Fusarium wilt disease, shallot farming still produces low yields. The application of Trichoderma harzianum fermented-biourin, as well as improved varieties of shallots, is one way to combat Fusarium wilt infection. This research focuses to demonstrate the influence of fermented biourin on Fusarium wilt infection along with the development and yield of three varieties of shallot. The experiment was performed in Senteluk Village, Batu Layar District, West Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, utilizing a Split Plot Design involving two factors. The main plot featured three shallot varieties: Bali Karet, Keta Monca, and Ampenan, whereas the subplot had five biourin dosage levels: no biourin, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 mL/plant. The application consisted of a mixture of biourin and shallot varieties. The procedure was repeated three times for each to provide a total of 45 experimental units. The findings showed that Bali Karet, Ampenan, and Keta Monca shallot varieties are resistant to Fusarium wilt, however the incidence of Fusarium wilt varies. In comparison to Ampenan and Keta Monca varieties, Bali Karet had taller plants, more leaves, more tillers, and greater weight of harvested and stored dried shallots. Biourin dosages ranging from 2.5 to 10 mL/plant have been shown to reduce Fusarium wilt ailment growth in shallots, as well as enhance plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, and weight of harvested and stored dry shallots. Biourin’s utilization has a bright future since it is effective, efficient, and ecologically friendly. The mechanism and timing of biourin administration to maximize shallots’ maximum yield would be another improvement.