Energy security of sensor networks

The article focuses on the problem of extending the lifetime of wireless sensor network (WSN), which depends on the operation time of the power supply source embedded into the sensor node. The approaches to the energy conservation of the sensor node power supply source discussed in the Russian-language literature and their shortcomings are considered. It is proposed to use the system of recharging or replacing batteries of WSN sensor nodes with the help of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). UAV with recharging signal transmitters allow covering all sensor nodes located at some distance one from another on terrains with any kind of accessibility. The servicing sequence of the sensor nodes is selected in the frameworks of “digital twins” concept. A digital model of the network power supply is used as the digital twin. The servicing process is optimized using the digital model, periodically entering the current parameters of the network status into it. The main parameters are described and main correlations determining the indicated parameters of the network digital model are introduced. The algorithm of recharging or replacing batteries of network nodes of the wireless sensor network using unmanned aerial vehicles is demonstrated and the result of its software implementation for the wireless sensor network with five sensor nodes and one servicing UAV is shown.