Creation of reusable launch vehicles and attraction of private commercial companies became a global trend in the aerospace industry. This is true for Russia as well. Private space companies construct expendable (Tszelun1, Hyperbola- 1, OS-M1) and planned reusable (Hyperbola-2, Zhuque-2, New Line 1) launch vehicles with a payback period of 2 - 3 years acceptable for commercial projects. Numerical simulations show that transition to reusable launch vehicles reduces the launch cost and increases the investment project efficiency. The cost of delivering one kilogram into a low-earth orbit is reaching USD 10,000. However, this achievement of the Chinese private companies will not be sufficient to compete with SpaceX that announced launching several 200 kg satellites for one million dollars each.

1.
James R.
Wertz
,
Economic model of reusable vs. expendable launch vehicles
,
IAF Congress, Rio de Janeiro
, Brazil Oct. 2–6,
2000
.
2.
Koelle
,
D.
(
2002
).
Development costs of reusable launch vehicles
.
Acta Astronautica
,
51
(
1-9
),
23
31
. doi: .
3.
Koelle
,
D. E.
(
1994
).
SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEMS COST ESTIMATION AS DESIGN TOOL
.
Acta Astronautica
,
34
,
175
181
. doi: .
4.
Trivailo
,
O.
,
Sippel
,
M.
, &
Sekercioglu
,
V. A.
(
2012
).
Review of hardware cost estimation methods, models and tools applied to early phases of space mission planning
.
Progress in Aerospace Sciences
,
53
,
1
17
. doi: .
5.
Zhang
,
Z. H.
, &
Seely
,
B.
(
2019
).
A Historical Review of China-US Cooperation
in
Space: Launching Commercial Satellites and Technology Transfer
,
1978
2000
. Space Policy,
50
. doi: .
6.
Zhu
,
Z. P.
(
2009
).
The current situation of China manned aerospace technology and the direction for its further development
.
Acta Astronautica
,
65
(
3-4
),
308
311
. doi: .
7.
Jones
,
A.
(
2019
).
PRIVATE ROCKETS READY FOR LIFTOFF IN CHINA
.
Ieee Spectrum
,
56
(
5
),
6
7
.
8.
Ilyukhin
,
S. N.
,
Toporkov
,
A. G.
,
Koryanov
,
V. V.
,
Ayupov
,
R. E.
, &
Pavlov
,
N. G.
Actual aspects of control system development for advanced unmanned aerial vehicles
.
Inzhenernyy zhurnal: nauka i innovatsii.
DOI: .
9.
Kazakovtsev
,
V. P.
, &
Koryanov
,
V. V.
(
2012
).
Research technique of the attitude dynamics of a landing unmanned space vehicle with an inflatable braking device
.
Vestn. Mosk. Gos. Tekh. Univ. im. NE Baumana, Mashinostr
,
39
46
.
10.
Golubev
,
Y. F.
,
Grushevskii
,
A. V.
,
Koryanov
,
V. V.
,
Tuchin
,
A. G.
, &
Tuchin
,
D. A.
(
2017
).
Formation of high inclined orbits to the ecliptic by multiple gravity assist maneuvers
.
Journal of Computer and Systems Sciences International
,
56
(
2
),
275
299
, doi.org/.
11.
Grushevskii
,
A.
,
Golubev
,
Y.
,
Koryanov
,
V.
,
Tuchin
,
A.
, &
Tuchin
,
D.
(
2018
).
Advanced methods of low- cost mission design for Jovian moons exploration
.
TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES, AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY JAPAN
,
16
(
7
),
679
686
, doi.org/
12.
Koryanov
,
V. V.
(
2014
).
Method of calculating the descent of the spacecraft in the atmosphere using technology adaptation landing in different environmental conditions
. In
Proceedings of the International Astronautical Congress, IAC
(Vol.
8
, pp.
5628
5632
).
13.
Hrozensky
,
T.
,
Kazansky
,
R.
, &
Sgem.
(
2016
).
IMPLICATIONS OF CHINA’S RISE TO A GLOBAL SPACE POWER. In Sgem 2016, Bk 2: Political Sciences, Law, Finance
,
Economics and Tourism Conference Proceedings
, Vol
I
(pp.
221
228
)
14.
Gill
,
B.
, &
Ni
,
A.
(
2019
).
The People’s Liberation Army Rocket Force: reshaping China’s approach to strategic deterrence
.
Australian Journal of International Affairs
,
73
(
2
),
160
180
. doi:
15.
Erickson
,
A. S.
(
2014
).
China’s space development history: A comparison of the rocket and satellite sectors
.
Acta Astronautica
,
103
,
142
167
. doi:
16.
He
,
S. B.
(
2003
).
China’s Moon project Chang’e: Stratagem and prospects
. In
M. B.
Duke
(Ed.),
Moon: Science, Exploration and Utilisation
(Vol.
31
, pp.
2353
2358
),
17.
Erickson
,
A. S.
(
2013
).
What Explains China’s Comprehensive but Uneven Aerospace Development?
In
C.
Rothmund
(Ed.),
History of Rocketry and Astronautics
(Vol.
40
, pp.
55
63
)
18.
He
,
C. Y.
,
Guo
,
J.
,
Lu
,
X. C.
,
Wang
,
X.
,
Hao
,
W. N.
,
Yang
,
G.
, &
Inst
,
N.
(
2013
).
Offline Analysis of Beidou MEO-3 Signal Quality
. In
Proceedings of the 26th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation
(pp.
2739
2748
), doi:
19.
Badikov
G. A.
,
Zuev
A. G.
,
Levashov
R. D.
(
2017
).
Economic modeling of the cost of the launch vehicle
//
Proceedings of the section 22 of a name of academician V. N. Chelomei Academic readings on cosmonautics
, (P.
504
).
20.
The Great March family of launch vehicles
. Electronic resource: http://www.cgwic.com/Launchservice/index.html (accessed 15.09.2019).
21.
Badikov
,
G.A.
,
Bebenina
,
A.A.
, (
2021
).
Modeling costs for launching modern launch vehicles in China
.
AIP Conference Proceedings
2318
,
070002
22.
Ma
,
L.
,
Xie
,
P.
,
Liu
,
D.
, &
Wu
,
Y.
(
2019
).
Research on the Influence of China’s Commercial Spaceflight on the Economic and Social Development of the Regions Along the Belt and Road
.
New Space
,
7
(
4
),
223
234
,
23.
Falko
,
S.G.
Management accountants in Russia: Theoretical and practical aspects
.
Taylor and Francis.
2017
. Pages
151
168
This content is only available via PDF.
You do not currently have access to this content.