Developing complex multiple-choice test to empower students higher order thinking skill about excression system

Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) is crucial for students to face the challenges of the 21st century. However, students' HOTS is often under-optimized. One alternative assessment that can be done by teachers or schools is to develop multiple choice questions. Multiple choice questions are questions that are often used in exams and other general tests. According to Well, Liu, & Garden (2018), it is necessary to present a more attractive assessment to be able to facilitate higher-order thinking skills in students. This study was to develop a complex multiple-choice test to empower students' HOTS when learning about the Excretion System. Characteristics of the question developed are multiple choice questions with stimulus and stem questions accompanied by 4 statements related to stimulus questions. Students are given the opportunity to analyze and evaluate appropriate stimuli and statements. In this process the student determines whether the statement presented is appropriate or not with the stimulus item. The participants were selected from Eleventh-grade students of SMA Kristen 1 Surakarta (Surakarta First Christian High School). The research was conducted in the first half (second semester) of the 2020/2021 Academic Year. Data were collected using the complex multiple-choice test. Data were analyzed using Anates V4 software. The results showed that of 25 questions, all have good validity, high reliability, and difficulty levels. The questions were 12% easy, 76% moderate-difficulty, and 12% high difficulty, have sufficient distinguishing power with minimal interpretation and have a good level of practicality. The results showed that complex multiple-choice questions were a suitable tool to empower higher-order thinking skills.