Step-by-step manufacturing of paramedian forehead flap simulator for nasal reconstructive surgery by using 3D printing Available to Purchase

Paramedian Forehead Flap is one of the complex surgical techniques that requires high competence from residents who wish to specialize in plastic surgery, due to several considerations that must be considered such as the use of the side used as a flap and blood supply. The facial simulators that are anatomically accurate are sold at quite high prices, because of the complexity of the manufacturing process. Research on simplifying the simulator manufacturing method is needed so that it is easily produced and used as a tool to increase resident’s competencies and experiences. The anatomy depicted in the simulator is adapted to the layers that are on the human face. With the use of 3D printing as a basis for manufacturing methods, materials that can simulate the mechanical properties of each layer are selected based on references from other studies. An assessment process is carried out on the results of the simulator production to evaluate whether each layer has represented the original layer on the human face and its use as a tool to increase resident competencies. Although still far from achieving the best results, the simplification of the manufacturing method mentioned in this study will provide chances for further studies.